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. 2026 Apr 28;21(1):e12. doi: 10.22037/iej.v21i1.48350

Figure 14.

Figure 14

Leave-one-out sensitivity analyses illustrating the influence of individual studies on the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) estimates under the random-effects DerSimonian–Laird model. Each plot shows the recalculated pooled effect size following sequential omission of one study. The consistency of effect estimates across omission scenarios indicates that the overall results were robust and not driven by any individual study (95% CI).