Table 2.
Multivariable logistic regression analysis of factors associated with influenza vaccine hesitancy and uptake among residents (aged ≥ 18 years) in seven megacities in Chinese mainland
| Variables | Vaccine hesitancy | Vaccine uptake | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| aOR (95% CI) | P-value | aOR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | Reference | |||
| Female | 0.83 (0.72, 0.94) | < 0.01 | 1.07 (0.97, 1.18) | 0.16 |
| Age group | ||||
| Young adults (18–44 years) | Reference | |||
| Adults (45–64 years) | 0.83 (0.71, 0.98) | 0.03 | 1.00 (0.89, 1.13) | 1.00 |
| Older adults (≥ 65 years) | 0.72 (0.55, 0.93) | 0.01 | 1.63 (1.35, 1.96) | < 0.01 |
| Residence type | ||||
| City center | Reference | |||
| Suburban | 1.14 (0.99, 1.32) | 0.06 | 1.06 (0.95, 1.17) | 0.30 |
| Outer suburban and other | 1.37 (1.14, 1.64) | < 0.01 | 0.74 (0.64, 0.85) | < 0.01 |
| Occupation | ||||
| Professional | Reference | |||
| Clerical and service worker | 2.05 (1.72, 2.45) | < 0.01 | 0.63 (0.55, 0.71) | < 0.01 |
| Production worker | 1.70 (1.30, 2.22) | < 0.01 | 0.72 (0.60, 0.86) | < 0.01 |
| Student | 2.09 (1.43, 3.07) | < 0.01 | 0.92 (0.70, 1.22) | 0.57 |
| Homemaker/Retired/Not employed nor schooling | 1.82 (1.43, 2.33) | < 0.01 | 0.56 (0.47, 0.67) | < 0.01 |
| Other | 1.83 (1.30, 2.59) | < 0.01 | 0.57 (0.44, 0.74) | < 0.01 |
| Annual income | ||||
| < 10,000 CNY | Reference | |||
| 10,000–49,999 CNY | 1.14 (0.92, 1.42) | 0.22 | 0.91 (0.78, 1.06) | 0.21 |
| 50,000–99,999 CNY | 1.03 (0.82, 1.29) | 0.79 | 0.89 (0.76, 1.04) | 0.15 |
| 100,000–199,999 CNY | 1.20 (0.94, 1.53) | 0.14 | 0.84 (0.71, 1.00) | 0.05 |
| 200,000–499,999 CNY | 1.21 (0.89, 1.66) | 0.23 | 0.82 (0.64, 1.05) | 0.11 |
| ≥ 500,000 CNY | 0.87 (0.52, 1.44) | 0.59 | 1.21 (0.85, 1.73) | 0.28 |
| Unclear/Unknown | 1.25 (0.91, 1.73) | 0.17 | 1.13 (0.89, 1.42) | 0.31 |
| Chronic Medical condition | ||||
| Yes | Reference | |||
| No | 1.04 (0.85, 1.26) | 0.72 | 0.94 (0.82, 1.08) | 0.39 |
| Self-rated health | ||||
| Poor | Reference | |||
| Fair | 0.91 (0.60, 1.39) | 0.67 | 1.12 (0.87, 1.44) | 0.39 |
| Good | 0.99 (0.76, 1.28) | 0.94 | 0.94 (0.80, 1.10) | 0.43 |
| Living status | ||||
| Living alone | Reference | |||
| Living with others | 0.81 (0.64, 1.04) | 0.1 | 1.51 (1.23, 1.86) | < 0.01 |
| Fully COVID-19 vaccination* | ||||
| Yes | Reference | |||
| No | 1.49 (1.19, 1.85) | < 0.01 | 0.32 (0.25, 0.39) | < 0.01 |
| Perceived infection risk of influenza | ||||
| Low | Reference | |||
| Medium | 0.68 (0.59, 0.79) | < 0.01 | 0.98 (0.88, 1.08) | 0.64 |
| High | 0.78 (0.70, 0.88) | < 0.01 | 1.13 (1.04, 1.23) | < 0.01 |
| Knowledge of influenza vaccine | ||||
| High | Reference | |||
| Low | 1.94 (1.61, 2.34) | < 0.01 | 0.62 (0.54, 0.70) | < 0.01 |
| Vaccine confidence | ||||
| High | Reference | |||
| Low | 2.08 (1.77, 2.44) | < 0.01 | 0.94 (0.83, 1.07) | 0.36 |
| Perceived vaccine benefit | ||||
| High | Reference | |||
| Low | 11.18 (8.45, 14.64) | < 0.01 | 1.06 (0.89, 1.26) | 0.5 |
| Trust in health authorities | ||||
| High | Reference | |||
| Low | 17.13 (13.51, 21.71) | < 0.01 | 0.57 (0.49, 0.68) | < 0.01 |
| Trust in government’s preventive capacity | ||||
| High | Reference | |||
| Low | 1.41 (1.17, 1.70) | < 0.01 | 1.13 (0.98, 1.31) | 0.09 |
| Preference for infection-derived immunity | ||||
| High | Reference | |||
| Low | 2.28 (1.96, 2.67) | < 0.01 | 0.78 (0.69, 0.88) | < 0.01 |
*Full COVID-19 vaccination was defined according to national guidelines as receipt of at least three doses of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine during pandemic period