Table 2.

Categories and Subcategories Extracted Based on Directed Content Analysis and NANDA-I Nursing Diagnosis Patterns

NANDA-I	NANDA-I Nursing Diagnoses	Category	Subcategory
Self-Perception–Self-Concept	Fear; Anxiety; Anticipatory Anxiety; Death Anxiety; Depression; Risk for Loneliness; Hopelessness; Low Self-Esteem; Risk for Impaired Human Dignity; Risk for Self-Harm	Negative Emotions	• Feeling of Depression • Sense of Inferiority and Low Self-Worth • Isolation and Loneliness • Inner Turmoil • Doubt and Confusion • Shock and Helplessness • Anger and Desire for Revenge • Impaired Self-Esteem • Fear of Death
Role–Relationship	Social Isolation; Impaired Social Interaction; Grieving; Anticipatory Grieving; Dysfunctional Family Processes; Risk for Other-Directed Violence	Suffering from Social Stigma	• Inappropriate Family and Social • Interactions Blame and Accusation by Others • Discriminatory Behaviors of Healthcare Providers • Manifestation of Disturbing Fear in Others • Labeling and Misjudgment by Others • Fear-Inducing Interactions • Employment and Occupational Problems
Health Perception–Health Management	Health-Risk Behavior; Ineffective Health Management; Risk for Ineffective Therapeutic Regimen Management; Risk for Nonadherence; Risk for Injury; Risk for Infection	Disruption of Normal Life	• Concealment of Illness • Loss of Self-Efficacy • Health-Damaging Behaviors
Coping–Stress Tolerance	Ineffective Coping; Impaired Individual Resilience; Post-Trauma Syndrome; Deficient Support System; Risk for Suicide; Compromised Family Coping; Ineffective Community Coping	Denial and Avoidance	• Refusal to Accept Illness • Denial of Disease • Conscious Forgetting • Emotional Suppression and Concealment Excessive • Use of Sedative Medications
		Confronting Disease Complications	• Physical Symptoms • Neuropsychiatric Disorders
		Health and Treatment Problems	• Insurance Coverage Problems • Medication Supply Problems • Treatment Difficulties
		Positive Coping with Illness	• Breaking the Silence and Talking About the Disease • Voluntary Medical Consultation
Sexuality–Reproductive	Ineffective Sexuality Pattern; Impaired Spousal Role Performance; Risk for Impaired Maternal–Fetal Attachment	Instability in Marital Foundation	• Fear of Rejection • Fear of Separation and Divorce • Emotional Divorce
		Parenting Challenges	• Concerns and Confusion About • Parenthood Worries About Pregnancy Outcomes
		Challenges in Managing Sexual Relationships	• Decreased Sexual Self-Confidence • Reduced Quantity and Quality of Sexual Relations
Value–Belief	Moral Distress; Spiritual Distress; Readiness for Enhanced Religiosity	Meaning-Making of Life	• Perceiving Illness as Divine • Punishment or Will Comfort Through Prayer and Seeking Healing • Transition from Material to Spiritual Values • Self-Focus Rather Than Others