Table 3.

Risk analysis of the GPR cut-off value for differential diagnosis between testicular torsion and epididymorchitis

GPR Level	Testicular torsion, n (%)	Epididymorchitis, n (%)	OR (95% CI)	p value
High Risk (≥ 21.8)	78 (58.2%)	56 (41.8%)	3.52 (1.97–6.25)	< 0.001
Low Risk (< 21.8)	25 (28.1%)	64 (71.9%)	1 (Reference)	-

The cut-off value of 21.8 was determined by Youden’s index in the ROC analysis. p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant

Abbreviations: OR Odds ratio, GPR Glucose/Potassium Ratio, CI Confidence Interval