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. 2026 Mar 21;16:14348. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-44902-w

Table 2.

Outcome variables employed in the study at pre, post and follow-up.

Measures PRE POST Follow-up Time Group Group × time
MI CON MI CON MI CON p ηηp2 − d p ηp2 p ηp2
Sleep
 Sleep onset time (min.) 26 ± 55 16 ± 61 − 2 ± 51 25 ± 59 − 14 ± 61 35 ± 59 0.429 0.012 0.168 0.029 0.008* 0.079
 Sleep efficiency (%) 87.7 ± 4.2 87.7 ± 4.1 88.72 ± 3.4 85.5 ± 4.6 89.06 ± 3.5 87.84 ± 4.5 0.023* 0.048 0.147 0.026 0.031* 0.044
 Total sleep (min.) 448 ± 45 448 ± 49 463 ± 44 431 ± 59 457 ± 54 445 ± 55 0.759 0.003 0.139 0.027 0.010* 0.055
 Time in bed (min.) 551 ± 47 515 ± 61 522 ± 53 499 ± 81 516 ± 64 507 ± 63 0.950 0.001 0.433 0.008 0.129 0.025
 Sleep latency (min.) 18.4 ± 9.6 19.2 ± 9.2 17.3 ± 9.5 20.2 ± 9.2 16.4 ± 9.6 17.8 ± 8.6 0.201 0.020 0.332 0.012 0.627 0.006
 Deep sleep (min.) 91.2 ± 16.7 89.1 ± 21.2 95.6 ± 22.6 85.41 ± 23.1 90.66 ± 18.1 87.03 ± 18.4 0.512 0.008 0.207 0.020 0.022* 0.048
 REM sleep (min.) 104.3 ± 20 100.2 ± 20 105.4 ± 19 97 ± 21 103.9 ± 21 99.2 ± 21 0.846 0.002 0.175 0.023 0.495 0.009
 Light sleep (min.) 252.7 ± 29 258.1 ± 45 263.8 ± 31 247.9 ± 52 263.3 ± 37 258.9 ± 49 0.255 0.017 0.531 0.005 0.023* 0.046
 Deep sleep (%) 20.35 ± 3.6 20.05 ± 5.1 20.59.6 ± 4.9 20.16 ± 5.5 20.01 ± 4.8 19.85 ± 4.4 0.626 0.003 0.732 0.002 0.844 0.001
 REM sleep (%) 23.07 ± 3.4 22.29 ± 3.4 22.58 ± 3.1 22.38 ± 3.4 22.55 ± 3.3 22.45 ± 3.6 0.491 0.006 0.506 0.006 0.317 0.014
 Light sleep (%) 56.54 ± 4.3 57.44 ± 7.1 57.28 ± 4.7 57.27 ± 7 57.68 ± 5.1 57.91 ± 6.9 0.514 0.006 0.725 0.002 0.300 0.014
Physiological
 HR 59.7 ± 6.9 59.2 ± 9.3 59.7 ± 7.5 59.5 ± 8.1 59.9 ± 7.8 59.9 ± 8.3 0.607 0.006 0.889 0.000 0.853 0.002
 HRV 70.5 ± 30.4 66.7 ± 32.5 70.9 ± 31.4 65.4 ± 35.5 69.8 ± 31 65.4 ± 30.8 0.827 0.002 0.511 0.005 0.871 0.002
 Respiratory Fr 15.4 ± 1.4 15.2 ± 1.4 15.3 ± 1.5 15.2 ± 1.2 15.4 ± 1.5 15.2 ± 1.3 0.504 0.008 0.611 0.003 0.870 0.002
Self-report
 PSS 13.5 ± 6.8 11.9 ± 8.2 14.7 ± 6.1 11.9 ± 7.2 12.1 ± 6.4 13.3 ± 8.7 0.251 0.022 0.187 0.023 0.613 0.005
 PSQI 9.2 ± 2.7 9.0 ± 3.2 9.2 ± 2.5 9.2 ± 3.5 8.8 ± 2.6 9.7 ± 2.8 0.687 0.002 0.926 0.000 0.692 0.001
 CBI 1 38.2 ± 21 38.3 ± 22 42.4 ± 17 32.5 ± 21 38.8 ± 19 35.9 ± 19 0.552 0.003 0.313 0.013 < 0.01* 0.128
 CBI 2 37.7 ± 15 37.9 ± 17 39.3 ± 15 34.8 ± 14 36.6 ± 15 35.3 ± 13 0.571 0.006 0.532 0.005 0.099 0.006
 MAAS 3.8 ± .74 4.1 ± .66 0.017* 0.356