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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 May 7.
Published in final edited form as: Alzheimers Dement Behav Socioecon Aging. 2026 Jan 20;2(1):e70066. doi: 10.1002/bsa3.70066

Table 2.

Adjusted, weighted OLS regression models for level of caregiving responsibility for older adults with only physical limitations by relationship type

Family as a Whole Partner/ Spouse Biological Child Stepchild Lifelong Friend
Caregiver Status (Ref = not a caregiver)
 Someone without dementia 0.254* 0.227 0.237* 0.218* 0.055
(0.108) (0.123) (0.118) (0.103) (0.096)
 Someone with dementia 0.309 −0.110 0.057 −0.018 −0.016
(0.189) (0.187) (0.157) (0.112) (0.126)
Marital Status (Ref = Married or cohabiting)
 Separated or divorced 0.024 −0.302 −0.167 −0.130 −0.064
(0.205) (0.178) (0.163) (0.120) (0.104)
 Widowed or never married −0.057 −0.196 −0.100 −0.050 −0.106
(0.144) (0.147) (0.108) (0.091) (0.101)
Household size (Ref = 1 person)
 2 persons −0.263 −0.051 −0.104 −0.016 −0.183
(0.140) (0.149) (0.129) (0.111) (0.120)
 3+ persons −0.262 −0.308 −0.110 0.010 −0.185
(0.157) (0.168) (0.140) (0.111) (0.131)
Educational Attainment (Ref = High school or less)
 Some college or Associate’s 0.009 0.215 0.035 −0.112 0.067
(0.121) (0.130) (0.104) (0.091) (0.092)
 Bachelor’s degree or higher 0.038 0.153 0.119 0.060 0.018
(0.116) (0.125) (0.098) (0.090) (0.084)
Employed 0.113 0.123 0.112 0.069 0.042
(0.130) (0.137) (0.108) (0.092) (0.098)
Household Income (under 25K omitted)
 25–49K −0.163 −0.230 −0.083 −0.082 −0.193
(0.181) (0.196) (0.177) (0.168) (0.173)
 50–74K 0.338* 0.239 0.214 0.116 −0.042
(0.171) (0.180) (0.175) (0.173) (0.187)
 75–124K −0.071 −0.022 −0.033 −0.083 −0.399*
(0.182) (0.209) (0.164) (0.166) (0.191)
 125K+ 0.075 −0.078 −0.079 −0.164 −0.276
(0.217) (0.224) (0.190) (0.179) (0.188)
Female −0.174 −0.128 −0.044 −0.080 −0.158*
(0.090) (0.089) (0.079) (0.073) (0.074)
Age 65 or older 0.102 0.197 0.136 0.052 0.041
(0.110) (0.117) (0.097) (0.084) (0.087)
Race/Ethnicity (Ref = Non-Hispanic White)
 Non-Hispanic, Black −0.114 −0.338 −0.028 −0.004 0.064
(0.218) (0.212) (0.195) (0.150) (0.128)
 Hispanic 0.177 −0.128 −0.059 0.010 0.023
(0.126) (0.118) (0.106) (0.112) (0.110)
 Non-Hispanic other racial group 0.056 −0.233 0.080 0.233 0.242
(0.152) (0.144) (0.147) (0.154) (0.158)
Immigrant 0.110 0.174 0.163 0.080 0.116
(0.144) (0.148) (0.144) (0.160) (0.160)
Rural residence 0.125 0.032 0.175 0.202* 0.144
(0.102) (0.110) (0.094) (0.080) (0.079)
Constant 1.817*** 2.054*** 1.384*** 1.054*** 1.075***
(0.238) (0.245) (0.220) (0.184) (0.214)
R-squared 0.072 0.105 0.052 0.053 0.071

Note: RAND ALP Omnibus W18 (2024); N = 1,984;

***

p<0.001,

**

p<0.01,

*

p<0.05