Table 2.

Overview of case studies.

Pesticide	Regulatory action	Dates	Agency	Tactics	Outcome
Methoprene	MRL of 1.0 ppm	1991–1995	Malaysian pesticide board	Work through chemical industry partners to avoid raising tobacco issues, request higher MRL with no supporting research	MRL raised to 15 ppm
Methoprene, others	Industry concern about future MRLs	1991–1993	European Community	Attempt to create voluntary MRLs to forestall regulation	No voluntary MRLs, no EC regulations
EBDCs/ETU	Potential imposition of residue tolerances	1989–1993	UN FAO/WHO JMPR	Hire ex-WHO scientist to review EBDCs and ETU, covertly lobby and assist JMPR	ETU listed as not genotoxic, higher ADI assigned
Phosphine	15 proposed risk mitigation measures including worker exposure standard of 0.03 ppm	1998–2001	U.S. EPA	Hire consultant with EPA ties to challenge scientific basis of proposed exposure standard, write journal article	Worker exposure standard increased to 0.3 ppm

UN FAO, United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization.