Table 4.
ORs (95% CIs) for term low birth weight and intrauterine growth retardation by gestation week (GW) according to level of DBP exposure.
| DBP (μg/L) | GW 25–28 | GW 29–32 | GW 33–36 | GW 37–40 | GW 41–44 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intrauterine growth retardationa | |||||
| HAA5 (n) | 14,350 | 14,953 | 15,414 | 14,929 | 2,634 |
| < 14 | — | ||||
| 14–19 | 1.02 (0.89–1.17) | 1.00 (0.86–1.13) | 0.93 (0.81–1.06) | 0.99 (0.86–1.13) | 1.22 (0.86–1.72) |
| ≥19 | 1.12 (0.98–1.29) | 1.11 (0.98–1.27) | 1.00 (0.88–1.14) | 0.98 (0.85–1.13) | 0.91 (0.63–1.33) |
| Continuous | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 1.00 (0.98–1.01) |
| DBAA (n)b | 9,576 | 10,302 | 10,945 | 10,875 | 1,913 |
| < 3 | — | ||||
| 3.5–5 | 1.00 (0.84–1.18) | 0.97 (0.82–1.14) | 1.14 (0.97–1.34) | 0.95 (0.81–1.12) | 1.23 (0.82–1.85) |
| ≥5 | 1.15 (0.98–1.35) | 1.06 (0.91–1.24) | 1.08 (0.93–1.27) | 0.90 (0.77–1.06) | 0.91 (0.60–1.40) |
| Continuous | 1.06 (1.01–1.12) | 1.03 (0.99–1.08) | 1.01 (0.96–1.06) | 0.99 (0.94–1.04) | 0.97 (0.85–1.10) |
| DCAA | |||||
| < 6 | — | ||||
| 6–8 | 1.00 (0.85–1.18) | 1.06 (0.90–1.25) | 0.92 (0.78–1.08) | 1.00 (0.85–1.18) | 1.51 (0.98–2.32) |
| ≥8 | 1.04 (0.85–1.29) | 1.11 (0.90–1.35) | 1.03 (0.84–1.26) | 1.27 (1.02–1.59) | 1.41 (0.85–2.33) |
| Continuous | 1.02 (0.99–1.04) | 1.03 (1.01–1.05) | 1.03 (1.01–1.05) | 1.03 (1.01–1.05) | 1.03 (0.98–1.08) |
| TCAA | |||||
| < 4 | — | ||||
| 4–6 | 0.96 (0.81–1.14) | 1.05 (0.89–1.24) | 0.91 (0.78–1.07) | 1.12 (0.95–1.32) | 1.58 (1.02–2.46) |
| ≥6 | 1.01 (0.86–1.19) | 1.15 (0.98–1.34) | 1.07 (0.92–1.24) | 1.15 (0.98–1.35) | 1.48 (0.96–2.31) |
| Continuous | 1.01 (1.00–1.03) | 1.02 (1.01–1.04) | 1.03 (1.01–1.05) | 1.02 (1.01–1.04) | 1.02 (0.98–1.06) |
| Term low birth weightc | |||||
| HAA5 (n) | 13,981 | 14,593 | 15,195 | 15,780 | 2,755 |
| < 14 | — | ||||
| 14–19 | 0.91 (0.69–1.18) | 1.04 (0.79–1.36) | 1.04 (0.80–1.36) | 1.12 (0.87–1.44) | 0.74 (0.28–1.98) |
| ≥19 | 1.05 (0.81–1.36) | 1.30 (1.00–1.69) | 1.20 (0.93–1.55) | 1.08 (0.83–1.40) | 1.03 (0.39–2.72) |
| Continuous | 1.01 (0.99–1.02) | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 1.00 (1.01–1.02) | 1.00 (0.99–1.02) | 0.99 (0.95–1.04) |
| DBAA (n)b | 9,312 | 10,043 | 10,778 | 11,484 | 2,003 |
| < 3 | — | ||||
| 3.5–5 | 0.97 (0.69–1.35) | 1.05 (0.77–1.45) | 1.29 (0.94–1.79) | 1.38 (1.02–1.86) | 0.99 (0.34–2.85) |
| ≥5 | 1.16 (0.86–1.58) | 1.18 (0.87–1.61) | 1.49 (1.10–2.02) | 1.22 (0.90–1.66) | 0.38 (0.10–1.43) |
| Continuous | 1.03 (0.94–1.12) | 1.07 (0.98–1.17) | 1.11 (1.01–1.21) | 1.10 (1.01–1.20) | 0.88 (0.62–1.23) |
| DCAA | |||||
| < 6 | — | — | |||
| 6–8 | 0.80 (0.58–1.09) | 0.84 (0.61–1.15) | 0.94 (0.69–1.27) | 0.98 (0.74–1.32) | 0.45 (0.13–1.60) |
| ≥8 | 0.87 (0.64–1.18) | 0.99 (0.74–1.32) | 0.98 (0.73–1.30) | 0.91 (0.68–1.21) | 0.93 (0.33–2.57) |
| Continuous | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | 1.02 (0.98–1.06) | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | 0.94 (0.81–1.09) |
| TCAA | |||||
| < 4 | — | ||||
| 4–6 | 0.79 (0.57–1.09) | 0.91 (0.67–1.24) | 1.05 (0.77–1.42) | 1.15 (0.86–1.53) | 0.40 (0.11–1.30) |
| ≥6 | 0.89 (0.66–1.20) | 0.98 (0.73–1.33) | 1.05 (0.78–1.41) | 0.93 (0.69–1.25) | 0.64 (0.23–1.79) |
| Continuous | 1.01 (0.98–1.05) | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) | 1.00 (0.96–1.03) | 1.00 (0.96–1.03) | 0.93 (0.80–1.09) |
a
Adjusted for parity, education, smoking, and Kessner index.
b
Sample sizes used in analysis of DBAA, DCAA, and TCAA were equal for each gestation age interval.
c
Adjusted for maternal age, parity, education, race, ethnicity, smoking, and Kessner index.