Table 3.

Haemodynamic, Respiratory, Metabolic, and Thermoregulatory Data during Shivering.

	Unwarmed	Warmed
Core Temperature at Onset of Shivering (°C)	35.2 ± 0.4	35.2 ± 0.3
Mean Skin Temperature at Onset of Shivering (°C)	32.7 ± 0.9	34.2 ± 0.7	P=0.013
End-tidal PCO2 at Onset of Shivering (mmHg)	41 ± 8	42 ± 3
End-tidal Isoflurane at Onset of Shivering (%)	0.23 ± 0.12	0.24 ± 0.34
Mean Arterial Pressure at Onset of Shivering (mmHg)	97 ± 6	96 ± 7
Heart Rate at Onset of Shivering (beats per min)	85 ± 18	82 ± 13
Maximal VO2 during Shivering (ml·kg−1·min−1)	9.7 ± 4.4	5.6 ± 1.9	P=0.038
Time to Shivering Cessation (min)	37 ± 11	36 ± 10
Core Temperature at Shivering Cessation (°C)	36.4 ± 0.2	35.7 ± 0.2	P<0.0001
Skin Temperature at Shivering Cessation (°C)	33.2 ± 0.8	35.7 ± 0.4	P<0.0001
Skin-Temperature Gradient at Shivering Cessation (°C)	3.3 ± 1.1	2.9 ± 1.6
Mean Arterial Pressure at Shivering Cessation (mmHg)	93 ± 14	86 ± 33
Heart Rate at Shivering Cessation (beats per min)	80 ± 14	77 ± 11
End-tidal PCO2 at Shivering Cessation (mmHg)	37 ± 4	36 ± 4
End-tidal Isoflurane at Shivering Cessation (%)	0.02 ± 0.01	0.02 ± 0.02
VO2 at Shivering Cessation (ml·kg−1·min−1)	4.3 ± 2.2	2.6 ± 1.2

Data are presented as means ± SDs.