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. 2026 Mar 28;20(1):96. doi: 10.1186/s13065-026-01780-7

Table 1.

PVC membrane potentiometric sensors prepared with newly synthesized rhodanine derivatives in this study, and their certain potentiometric performance properties

Sensor No Ionophore Membrane composition (w/w) Potentiometric performance
Ionophore PVC Plasticizers KTpClPB Linear range, M Detection limit, M Slope (mV/decade) R2
DEHA BEHS DBP DOPP o–NPOE DEHP
1 Inline graphic3 32.0 3.0 64.0 1.0 1.0 × 10–5–1.0 × 10–1 7.40 × 10–6 19.5 ± 0.8 0.9982
2 32.0 3.0 64.0 1.0 1.0 × 10–6–1.0 × 10–1 7.66 × 10–7 25.0 ± 2.5 0.9972
3 32.0 3.0 64.0 1.0 1.0 × 10–5–1.0 × 10–3 9.24 × 10–6 14.5 ± 4.5 0.9689
4 32.0 3.0 64.0 1.0 1.0 × 10–3–1.0 × 10–1 2.40 × 10–4 25.1 ± 2.0 0.9612
5 32.0 3.0 64.0 1.0 1.0 × 10–5–1.0 × 10–1 9.79 × 10–6 22.0 ± 2.1 0.9963
6 32.0 3.0 64.0 1.0 1.0 × 10–5–1.0 × 10–1 9.43 × 10–6 23.8 ± 3.6 0.9912
7 32.0 2.0 65.0 1.0 1.0 × 10–5–1.0 × 10–1 8.99 × 10–6 19.0 ± 4.9 0.9771
8 32.0 4.0 63.0 1.0 1.0 × 10–5–1.0 × 10–1 8.89 × 10–6 20.6 ± 2.9 0.9918
9 Inline graphic4 32.0 3.0 64.0 1.0 1.0 × 10–5–1.0 × 10–1 8.91 × 10–6 19.2 ± 3.3 0.9953
10 32.0 3.0 64.0 1.0 1.0 × 10–7–1.0 × 10–1 9.77 × 10–8 27.0 ± 2.3 0.9977
11 32.0 3.0 64.0 1.0 1.0 × 10–5–1.0 × 10–1 6.98 × 10–6 20.5 ± 3.4 0.9943
12 32.0 3.0 64.0 1.0 1.0 × 10–4–1.0 × 10–1 2.41 × 10–5 20.0 ± 4.0 0.9869
13 32.0 3.0 64.0 1.0 1.0 × 10–5–1.0 × 10–1 9.66 × 10–5 14.3 ± 2.0 0.9871
14 32.0 3.0 64.0 1.0 1.0 × 10–4–1.0 × 10–1 2.0 × 10–5 29.6 ± 2.8 0.9819
15 32.0 2.0 65.0 1.0 1.0 × 10–5–1.0 × 10–1 9.40 × 10–6 24.3 ± 4.1 0.9905
16 32.0 4.0 63.0 1.0 1.0 × 10–5–1.0 × 10–1 7.86 × 10–6 25.5 ± 1.1 0.9953