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. 2026 Apr 24;13:1777757. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2026.1777757

Table 3.

Association of nutrition indicators (as tertiles variable) and vitamin D deficiency.

Nutrition status indicators Model 1 Model 2 Model 3
OR (95% CI) p-value OR (95% CI) p-value OR (95% CI) p-value
Total protein 0.511 (0.329, 0.783) 0.002 0.484 (0.309, 0.747) 0.001 0.453 (0.281, 0.721) 0.001
Albumin 0.738 (0.482, 1.123) 0.158 0.805 (0.522, 1.237) 0.323 1.472 (0.811, 2.712) 0.208
Prealbumin 0.963 (0.920, 1.008) 0.105 0.965 (0.921, 1.011) 0.133 0.961 (0.914, 1.011) 0.126
BMI 1.601 (1.007, 2.578) 0.049 1.649 (1.031, 2.674) 0.039 1.410 (0.840, 2.387) 0.195
UA 1.033 (0.679, 1.571) 0.880 1.194 (0.772, 1.855) 0.426 1.502 (0.890, 2.568) 0.132
Hb 1.007 (0.662, 1.535) 0.972 1.606 (0.966, 2.712) 0.071 1.537 (0.884, 2.710) 0.131

The results were expressed as OR and 95% CI. Model 1, no confounding factors were adjusted. Model 2, gender was adjusted. Model 3, gender, HbA1c, TG, Cr, OC and total protein were adjusted.

BMI, body mass index; Cr, creatininel; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; Hb, hemoglobin; OC, osteocalcin; TG, triglyceride; UA, uric acid.