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. 2026 Apr 24;13:1777757. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2026.1777757

Table 4.

Association of nutrition indicators (as continuous variable) and vitamin D severe deficiency (25OHD < 12 ng/mL).

Nutrition status indicators Model 1 Model 2 Model 3
OR (95% CI) p-value OR (95% CI) p-value OR (95% CI) p-value
Total protein 0.943 (0.893, 0.993) 0.030 0.936 (0.885, 0.987) 0.016 0.939 (0.887, 0.991) 0.026
Albumin 0.868 (0.784, 0.956) 0.005 0.884 (0.798, 0.977) 0.016 0.968 (0.840, 1.120) 0.660
Prealbumin 1.013 (0.955, 1.071) 0.665 1.017 (0.959, 1.077) 0.563 1.014 (0.953, 1.077) 0.646
BMI 1.068 (0.977, 1.167) 0.147 1.073 (0.982, 1.173) 0.118 1.093 (0.989, 1.208) 0.080
UA 0.998 (0.994, 1.002) 0.418 1.000 (0.996, 1.004) 0.873 0.999 (0.995, 1.004) 0.781
Hb 0.986 (0.968, 1.005) 0.147 0.999 (0.977, 1.022) 0.910 0.997 (0.974, 1.022) 0.825

The results were expressed as OR and 95% CI. Model 1, no confounding factors were adjusted. Model 2, gender was adjusted. Model 3, gender, HbA1c, TG, Cr, OC and total protein were adjusted.

25OHD, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; BMI, body mass index; Cr, creatinine; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; Hb, hemoglobin; OC, osteocalcin; TG, triglyceride; UA, uric acid.