Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants across intervention groups.
| Variable | CTC12a group (n=22), mean (SD) | TC24b group (n=23), mean (SD) | Square dance group (n=22), mean (SD) | Walking group (n=23), mean (SD) | Control group (n=23), mean (SD) | P valuec | |
| Age (y) | 62.45 (5.26) | 61.65 (2.99) | 62.64 (4.11) | 61.61 (4.29) | 63.17 (4.48) | .69 | |
| Sex, n |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Male | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 4 | .99 |
|
|
Female | 17 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 19 | .99 |
| Height (cm) | 159.14 (6.07) | 158.22 (5.00) | 158.32 (5.11) | 158.83 (5.04) | 160.13 (4.86) | .74 | |
| Weight (kg) | 60.42 (8.39) | 59.09 (6.96) | 59.11 (6.38) | 59.38 (6.73) | 61.47 (6.82) | .75 | |
| BMI (kg/m²) | 23.87 (3.20) | 23.59 (2.35) | 23.62 (2.80) | 23.51 (2.00) | 23.98 (2.54) | .97 | |
| DBPd (mm Hg) | 80.59 (6.81) | 81.87 (5.52) | 81.09 (6.24) | 80.43 (7.04) | 80.87 (6.06) | .95 | |
| SBPe (mm Hg) | 126.18 (7.69) | 126.04 (7.74) | 126.05 (6.42) | 126.43 (9.85) | 125.70 (7.78) | .99 | |
| PPf (mm Hg) | 45.59 (9.05) | 44.17 (8.89) | 44.96 (7.51) | 46.00 (7.67) | 44.83 (7.77) | .95 | |
| TCg (mmol/L) | 5.40 (0.97) | 5.44 (1.05) | 5.43 (1.06) | 5.39 (0.82) | 5.51 (1.01) | .99 | |
| TGh (mmol/L) | 1.62 (1.03) | 1.70 (0.82) | 1.62 (0.52) | 1.66 (0.66) | 1.70 (0.61) | .99 | |
| HDL-Ci (mmol/L) | 1.46 (0.30) | 1.37 (0.35) | 1.30 (0.30) | 1.34 (0.33) | 1.30 (0.18) | .35 | |
| LDL-Cj (mmol/L) | 2.67 (0.57) | 2.71 (0.64) | 2.60 (0.54) | 2.62 (0.59) | 2.74 (0.73) | .94 | |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 5.28 (0.67) | 5.32 (0.85) | 5.26 (0.81) | 5.30 (0.81) | 5.38 (0.81) | .99 | |
| IL-6k (pg/ml) | 2.91 (1.88) | 2.90 (1.75) | 2.99 (1.84) | 2.93 (2.50) | 2.99 (1.50) | .52 | |
| BMRl (kcal) | 1273.32 (108.56) | 1322.24 (114.76) | 1271.36 (60.90) | 1261.61 (103.29) | 1264.78 (99.30) | .23 | |
| SPPBm (scores) | 9.59 (0.67) | 9.52 (0.99) | 9.50 (1.10) | 9.57 (0.59) | 9.35 (0.83) | .89 | |
| ADLn (scores) | 98.64 (2.28) | 98.70 (2.24) | 98.18 (2.46) | 98.70 (2.24) | 98.91 (2.11) | .87 | |
| WHOQOLo total (scores) | 102.36 (7.49) | 102.26 (5.77) | 102.14 (6.22) | 101.87 (5.41) | 102.13 (5.27) | .10 | |
| Resting heart rate (bpm) | 67.77 (3.64) | 67.83 (3.88) | 67.59 (3.98) | 67.70 (4.76) | 67.22 (3.58) | .99 | |
| Calories at rest (kcal) | 84.38 (5.82) | 83.20 (6.67) | 83.68 (4.57) | 83.01 (6.54) | 84.03 (6.74) | .94 | |
aCTC12: 12-form Chen-style Tai Chi.
bTC24: 24-form simplified Tai Chi.
cNo significant differences were observed between groups at baseline (P>.05 for all comparisons).
dDPB: diastolic blood pressure.
eSPB: systolic blood pressure.
fPP: pulse pressure.
gTC: total cholesterol.
hTG: triglycerides.
iHDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
iLDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
kIL-6: interleukin-6.
lBMR: basal metabolic rate.
mSPPB: Short Physical Performance Battery.
nADL: activity of daily living.
oWHOQOL: World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire.