Table 1.
Intervention | Coverage level | Yearly costs ($Int, millions) | Yearly infections averted (millions)† | Average cost effectiveness ratio ($Int/infection averted) | Yearly DALYs averted (millions)† | Average cost effectiveness ratio ($Int/DALY averted) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mass media | 100% | 16 | 0.27 | 58 | 4.5 | 3 |
Peer education for sex workers | 50%
|
40
|
0.57
|
70
|
9.2
|
4
|
80%
|
61
|
0.89
|
68
|
14.3
|
4
|
|
95% | 70 | 1.04 | 68 | 16.7 | 4 | |
Peer education and treatment of sexually transmitted infections for sex workers
|
50%
|
42
|
0.72
|
58
|
11.6
|
4
|
80%
|
63
|
1.09
|
58
|
17.5
|
4
|
|
95%
|
74
|
1.26
|
59
|
20.2
|
4
|
|
School based education | 50%
|
58
|
0.01
|
9448
|
0.1
|
530
|
80%
|
77
|
0.01
|
7908
|
0.2
|
444
|
|
95% | 77 | 0.01 | 6704 | 0.2 | 376 | |
Voluntary counselling and testing | 95% | 406 | 0.31 | 1315 | 5.0 | 82 |
Prevention of mother to child transmission | ANC | 161 | 0.19 | 847 | 4.7 | 34 |
Treatment of sexually transmitted infections
|
Current
|
43
|
0.14
|
304
|
2.3
|
19
|
ANC
|
111
|
0.34
|
328
|
5.4
|
21
|
|
95%
|
229
|
0.45
|
514
|
7.1
|
32
|
|
Antiretroviral therapy: | ||||||
No intensive monitoring, first line drugs only | ANC | 1350 | 0.05 | 28 038 | 2.4 | 556 |
Intensive monitoring, first line drugs only | ANC | 1507 | 0.04 | 34 825 | 2.5 | 596 |
No intensive monitoring, first and second line drugs | ANC | 6434 | 0.04 | 181 099 | 3.2 | 2010 |
Intensive monitoring, first and second line drugs | ANC | 6945 | 0.04 | 185 396 | 3.5 | 1977 |
ANC=antenatal care coverage level.
International dollars are a hypothetical unit of currency that has the same purchasing power that the US$ has in the United States at a given point in time. Details of this approach are discussed elsewhere.12
Intervention benefits are not comparable with current epidemiological estimates because results in this analysis are computed in relation to a “no intervention” comparator, which subtracts current levels of condom use, treatment of sexually transmitted infections, and antiretroviral treatment.