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. 2005 Dec 17;331(7530):1431–1437. doi: 10.1136/bmj.38643.368692.68

Table 1.

Annual costs in international dollars ($Int),* infections averted, DALYs averted, and average cost effectiveness for various single interventions to control HIV/AIDS in Afr-E region, compared with no intervention

Intervention Coverage level Yearly costs ($Int, millions) Yearly infections averted (millions) Average cost effectiveness ratio ($Int/infection averted) Yearly DALYs averted (millions) Average cost effectiveness ratio ($Int/DALY averted)
Mass media 100% 16 0.27 58 4.5 3
Peer education for sex workers 50%
40
0.57
70
9.2
4
80%
61
0.89
68
14.3
4
95% 70 1.04 68 16.7 4
Peer education and treatment of sexually transmitted infections for sex workers
50%
42
0.72
58
11.6
4
80%
63
1.09
58
17.5
4
95%
74
1.26
59
20.2
4
School based education 50%
58
0.01
9448
0.1
530
80%
77
0.01
7908
0.2
444
95% 77 0.01 6704 0.2 376
Voluntary counselling and testing 95% 406 0.31 1315 5.0 82
Prevention of mother to child transmission ANC 161 0.19 847 4.7 34
Treatment of sexually transmitted infections
Current
43
0.14
304
2.3
19
ANC
111
0.34
328
5.4
21
95%
229
0.45
514
7.1
32
Antiretroviral therapy:
No intensive monitoring, first line drugs only ANC 1350 0.05 28 038 2.4 556
Intensive monitoring, first line drugs only ANC 1507 0.04 34 825 2.5 596
No intensive monitoring, first and second line drugs ANC 6434 0.04 181 099 3.2 2010
Intensive monitoring, first and second line drugs ANC 6945 0.04 185 396 3.5 1977

ANC=antenatal care coverage level.

*

International dollars are a hypothetical unit of currency that has the same purchasing power that the US$ has in the United States at a given point in time. Details of this approach are discussed elsewhere.12

Intervention benefits are not comparable with current epidemiological estimates because results in this analysis are computed in relation to a “no intervention” comparator, which subtracts current levels of condom use, treatment of sexually transmitted infections, and antiretroviral treatment.