Table 2.
Effects of mindfulness breast care program on health outcomes (N=192).
| Outcomesa | Intervention group mean (SE) | Control group mean (SE) | Adjusted mean difference (95% CI) | P valueb | Cohen d c | ||||||||
| Primary outcomes | |||||||||||||
| Body image distress (BIS scores)d,e |
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T1 | 6.33 (0.52) | 7.32 (0.52) | −0.99 (−2.43 to 0.46) | .18 | −0.16 |
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T2 | 6.32 (0.45) | 8.23 (0.60) | −1.91 (−3.40 to −0.42) | .01 | −0.31 |
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| Stigma (SIS scores)e,f |
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T1 | 50.50 (0.99) | 56.33 (1.01) | −5.83 (−8.46 to −3.20) | <.001 | −0.61 |
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T2 | 48.13 (0.99) | 55.92 (1.01) | −7.79 (−10.62 to −4.97) | <.001 | −0.82 |
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| Secondary outcomes | |||||||||||||
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|
Sleep Quality (PSQI scores)e,g | ||||||||||||
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T1 | 7.09 (0.33) | 7.29 (0.35) | −0.20 (−1.14 to 0.73) | .67 | −0.05 |
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T2 | 7.11 (0.34) | 7.03 (0.34) | 0.07 (−0.86 to 1.02) | .87 | 0.02 |
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| Social support (MSPSS scores)h,i |
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T1 | 64.32 (1.14) | 65.76 (1.12) | −1.44 (−4.63 to 1.74) | .37 | −0.15 |
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T2 | 64.72 (1.03) | 61.91 (1.04) | 2.71 (−0.15 to 5.58) | .06 | 0.29 |
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| Physical well-being (SF-36 PCS scores)i,j,k |
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T1 | 39.69 (0.90) | 38.11 (0.98) | 1.58 (−1.03 to 4.19) | .24 | 0.15 |
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T2 | 41.74 (0.95) | 39.72 (0.92) | 2.02 (−0.60 to 4.64) | .13 | 0.19 |
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| Mental well-being (SF-36 MCS scores)i,l |
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T1 | 46.23 (1.02) | 41.79 (0.95) | 4.44 (1.70 to 7.18) | .002 | 0.43 |
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T2 | 44.36 (0.96) | 42.22 (0.94) | 2.14 (−0.49 to 4.77) | .11 | 0.21 |
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aThe intention-to-treat analysis was conducted using the multiple imputation method. Adjusted for endocrine therapy and baseline outcomes, generalized estimating equations were used to examine the effectiveness of the MBC program. Pairwise comparisons were conducted with Bonferroni adjustment.
bAll P values for pairwise comparisons were Bonferroni-adjusted.
cCohen d was calculated by dividing the adjusted mean difference by the pooled unadjusted standard deviation at baseline [58].
dBIS: Body Image Scale.
eAn increase implies worsening and a decrease implies improvement.
fSIS: Social Impact Scale.
gPSQI: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.
hMSPSS: Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support.
iAn increase implies improvement, and a decrease implies worsening.
jSF-36: 36-item Short-Form Health Survey.
kPCS: the Physical Component Summary.
lMCS: the Mental Component Summary.