. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 May 10.

Published in final edited form as: INNOSC Theranostics Pharmacol Sci. 2025 Jul 1;8(3):71–84. doi: 10.36922/itps025080007

Table 3.

Genomic analysis of Escherichia coli after 24 h of exposure to biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from carpenter bee wing extract

Position	Frequency (%)	Annotation	Gene	Product
4,935,197	43.3	Intergenic (−347/+147)	lysO/aqpZ	L-lysine exporter LysO/aquaporin Z
2,376,506	42.9	E119^* (GAA→TAA)	D1792_RS11465	YtfJ family protein
4,790,571	28.2	A218P^* (GCA→CCA)	sucD	Succinate-CoA ligase subunit alpha
1,244,541	25.4	V392L^* (GTA→CTA)	hisD	Histidinol dehydrogenase
461,346	25.0	R159P^* (CGG→CCG) ^‡	D1792_RS02575	Helix-turn-helix transcriptional regulator
2,155,046	22.9	T314R^* (ACG→AGG)	uacT	Urate/proton symporter UacT
641,105	21.1	E1049D^* (GAG→GAC)	D1792_RS03370	Host specificity protein J
1,997,598	20.7	V23L^* (GTA→CTA)	ygcS	MFS transporter

Notes: Asterisk (*) indicates that the annotation provides functional context to the corresponding gene sequence, facilitating interpretation and analysis; Double dagger (‡) indicates a variant that is flagged as potentially problematic or requires further investigation; Underlined letters denote specific nucleotide or amino acid mutations identified within the sequence.

Abbreviations: CoA: Coenzyme A; MFS: major facilitator superfamily; UacT: Uric acid transporter.