Table 3.

Independent association between solid fuel usage and the prevalence of CVD, CHARLS2018

		Odds ratio (95%CI)
	Events/N	Model 1 a	Model 2 b	Model 3 c
Female	2,642/9,735
Fuel usage
Clean energy	1,590/6,362	Reference	Reference	Reference
Solid fuels	1,052/3,373	1.44 (1.31, 1.60)	1.40 (1.27, 1.55)	1.42 (1.28, 1.57)
Types of fuel used
Clean energy	1,590/6,362	Reference	Reference	Reference
Coal	294/826	1.65 (1.41, 1.93)	1.61 (1.37, 1.89)	1.50 (1.27, 1.76)
Crop residue/Wood burning	702/2,445	1.29 (1.15, 1.44)	1.25 (1.11, 1.40)	1.31 (1.16, 1.47)
Mixed solid fuels d	56/102	4.51 (3.01, 6.76)	4.09 (2.71, 6.16)	4.33 (2.87, 6.54)
Male	1,930/8,905
Fuel usage
Clean energy	1,179/5,791	Reference	Reference	Reference
Solid fuels	751/3,114	1.33 (1.19, 1.49)	1.33 (1.18, 1.49)	1.34 (1.20, 1.51)
Types of fuel used
Clean energy	1,179/5,791	Reference	Reference	Reference
Coal	221/753	1.63 (1.37, 1.93)	1.63 (1.37, 1.94)	1.48 (1.24, 1.77)
Crop residue/Wood burning	497/2,270	1.17 (1.03, 1.34)	1.16 (1.02, 1.33)	1.23 (1.08, 1.41)
Mixed solid fuels d	33/91	2.63 (1.68, 4.10)	2.65 (1.70, 4.14)	2.92 (1.87, 4.57)

^a Model.1 adjusted for age, education, residence, marital status, and tertile of household expenses per capita. ^b Model. 2: model. 1 further adjusted for smoke, drink, and sleep duration. ^c Model. 3: model. 2 further adjusted for air quality index and the installation of air cleaner. ^d Mixed solid fuel refers to the main solid fuels used for cooking and heating, including coal and crop residue/wood. CVD, cardiovascular disease; MVPA, moderate-vigorous physical activity; CI, confidence interval