FIG. 5.
SNV exposed to UV irradiation induces ISG transcription despite increased disruption of vRNA. SNV was exposed to UV irradiation for the indicated amount of time and either immediately assayed for S-segment vRNA by TaqMan using a 66-nucleotide target amplimer (7, 8) (open circles and right y axis) or used to treat HUVEC. After treatment for 1 hour, HUVEC were washed and incubated for 6 hours, and total cellular RNA was extracted and used for real-time RT-PCR using p56- and MxA-specific primers (left y axis). Gene changes were normalized to GAPDH and calculated using the 2−ΔΔCt method (see Materials and Methods). PCR was performed in triplicate for duplicate experiments. Results are reported as the mean ± standard error of the mean. *, P < 0.05 compared to mRNA abundance in cells exposed to nonirradiated SNV (0 seconds).