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. 2026 Mar 31;27:405. doi: 10.1186/s12891-026-09766-1

Table 2.

Comparative analysis of variables at different clinical stages and time points

Variables Time point Stage ⅠPVP Group (Mean ± SD) StageⅠ BCPA-PVP Group (Mean ± SD) p-value Stage ⅡPVP Group (Mean ± SD) StageⅡ BCPA-PVP Group (Mean ± SD) p-value
VAS Pre 5.94 ± 0.90 6.05 ± 0.89 0.701 6.30 ± 0.92 6.19 ± 0.81 0.682
Post 1.17 ± 0.38 1.10 ± 0.45 0.593 0.95 ± 0.39 1.00 ± 0.45 0.715
FFU 1.06 ± 0.66 0.90 ± 0.64 0.433 2.60 ± 1.85 1.14 ± 1.01 0.002
ODI (%) Pre 66.33 ± 9.12 66.70 ± 9.45 0.901 65.20 ± 9.84 66.57 ± 8.92 0.632
Post 22.00 ± 3.74 20.10 ± 4.12 0.143 18.70 ± 3.45 18.86 ± 3.12 0.871
FFU 15. 33 ± 3.24 15.60 ± 4.76 0.841 30.40 ± 12.67 19.52 ± 9.84 0.003
AVH (mm) Pre 26.28 ± 2.38 26.25 ± 2.52 0.972 20.25 ± 2.31 20.62 ± 2.18 0.602
Post 27.89 ± 2.34 28.05 ± 2.41 0.840 22.85 ± 1.97 23.10 ± 1.89 0.681
FFU 26.94 ± 2.29 27.10 ± 2.45 0.832 20.15 ± 2.64 21.86 ± 1.72 0.017
Cobb Angle (°) Pre 6.06 ± 1.16 5.95 ± 1.457 0.798 16.05 ± 4.72 15.71 ± 3.81 0.791
Post 5.06 ± 1.16 4.90 ± 1.41 0.697 13.55 ± 4.03 13.48 ± 3.12 0.949
FFU 5.22 ± 1.17 5.11 ± 1.52 0.780 17.20 ± 5.12* 15.57 ± 3.37* 0.214

VAS Visual Analogue Scale, ODI Oswestry Disability Index, AVH Anterior vertebral height, BCPA Bone bement pedicle-anchored, PVP Percutaneous vertebroplasty