Figure 1. Metabolic machinery for fructoselysine and psicoselysine uncovered in E. coli by Van Schaftingen and colleagues [13].

The ability of the bacteria to take up the glycated substrates implies the existence of a putative cationic transporter (FrlA), an epimerase (FrlC) to convert psicoselysine into fructoselysine, a 6-phosphokinase (FrlD) and a deglycase (FrlB). Reproduced with permission from Wiame et al. [13]. © The Biochemical Society.