| Abbreviation | Definition |
| 3D | Tertiary |
| AMOVA | Analysis of molecular variance |
| AR | Allelic richness |
| BIC | Bayesian information criterion |
| dN | The average rates of nonsynonymous |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
| DOC | Degree of Change |
| dS | The average rates of synonymous |
| EDTA | Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid |
| FEL | Fixed effects likelihood |
| FUBAR | Fast unconstrained Bayesian approximation |
| ITIM | Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-based Inhibition Motif |
| iTOL | Interactive Tree of Life |
| LRT | Likelihood ratio test |
| MCMC | Markov Chain Monte Carlo |
| MDV | Marek’s disease virus |
| MEME | Mixed effects model of evolution |
| MHC | Major histocompatibility complex |
| Na | Number of alleles |
| NGS | Next-generation sequencing |
| PCoA | Principal coordinate analysis |
| PCR | Polymerase chain reaction |
| RJF | Red Junglefowl |
| SCBP | Siam Chicken Bioresource Project |
| SNPs | Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms |
| WGS | Whole-genome sequencing |