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. 2026 May 3;19(9):1887. doi: 10.3390/ma19091887
AI Artificial intelligence
ASTM American society for testing and materials
BVID Barely visible impact damage
CAI Compression after impact
CT Computed tomography
CDM Continuum damage mechanics
CFRP Carbon fibre-reinforced polymer
CZM Cohesive zone models
DIC Digital image correlation
EV Electric vehicle
FEA Finite element analysis
FEM Finite element method
FRPs Fibre-reinforced polymers
HPWCs Hybrid polymeric woven composites
HVI High-velocity impact
IRT Infrared thermography
ISO International organisation for standardisation
LCAs Lifecycle assessments
LVI Low-velocity impact
NDT Non-destructive testing
PFA Progressive failure analysis
PRISMA Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
RQ Research question
RVE Representative volume element
SCA Self-consistent clustering analysis
SHM Structural health monitoring
UD Unidirectional
UHMWPE Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene
UT Ultrasonic testing
XCT/µCT X-ray computed tomography/micro-computed tomography
2D Two-dimensional
3D Three-dimensional
3DWIFs 3D warp interlock fabrics.