Abbreviation	Full Form
4-AP	4-aminophenol
4-NP	4-nitrophenol
HEMT	High Electron Mobility Transistor
LOD	Limit of Detection
PDA-GalNAc NPs	Polydopamine-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine nanoparticles
PPy	Polypyrrole
R-TENG	Rotary Triboelectric Nanogenerator
SRB	Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria
TENG	Triboelectric Nanogenerator
FEP	Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene
ITO	Indium Tin Oxide
PLA	Polylactic Acid
PBAT	Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)
PVA	Polyvinyl Alcohol
MWCNTs	Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
PU	Polyurethane
PTFE	Polytetrafluoroethylene
PI	Polyimide
PFA	Perfluoroalkoxy Alkane
ENIG	Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold
PA66	Polyamide 66
PS	Polystyrene
S. aureus	Staphylococcus aureus
NWs	Nanowires
PDMS	Polydimethylsiloxane
BSR-La	Biosorbent Lanthanum-based material
AAO	Anodic Aluminum Oxide
ISM	Ion-Selective Membrane
NFs	Nanofibers
CA NFs	Cellulose Acetate Nanofibers
PET	Polyethylene terephthalate
PFTS	Perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane
PE	Polyethylene
PVC	Polyvinyl chloride
PP	Polypropylene
E. coli	Escherichia coli
S. pneumoniae	Streptococcus pneumoniae
P. aeruginosa	Pseudomonas aeruginosa
ZIF-8	Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8