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. 2026 Apr 29;31(9):1478. doi: 10.3390/molecules31091478
4PL Four-parameter logistic
ABTS 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)
ADME Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
ANOVA Analysis of variance
ARE Antioxidant response element
BHA Butylated hydroxyanisole
BHT Butylated hydroxytoluene
CAP-e Cell-based antioxidant protection in erythrocytes
cLogP Calculated partition coefficient
DCFH-DA 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate
DFT Density functional theory
DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide
DPPH 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
FC Folin–Ciocalteu
FRAP Ferric reducing antioxidant power
GAE Gallic acid equivalents
HAT Hydrogen atom transfer
HBA Hydrogen bond acceptors
HBD Hydrogen bond donors
HSD Honestly significant difference
IC50 Half-maximal inhibitory concentration
MW Molecular weight
NF-κB Nuclear factor-kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells
Nrf2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
ORAC Oxygen radical absorbance capacity
PAINS Pan-assay interference compounds
PLGA Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
RB Rotatable bonds
ROS Reactive oxygen species
RP Reducing power
SAR Structure–activity relationship
SD Standard deviation
SEDDS Self-emulsifying drug delivery system
SET Single-electron transfer
TCA Trichloroacetic acid
TE Trolox equivalents
TPSA Topological polar surface area