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. 2026 Apr 29;17:1837813. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1837813

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Copyright © 2026 Yan, Chen, Yuan, Geng, Wan, Fang, Qiao, Wei and Pu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Scientific figure summarizing a mouse cardiac arrest and CPR study featuring a timeline diagram, ECG traces, echocardiography images, functional cardiac data charts, Doppler ultrasound, PCA plot, volcano plot, pathway enrichment bubble chart, gene expression heatmap, quantitative PCR bar graphs, Ly6G immunostaining images of heart tissue, and quantification of positive staining area. — Early activation of IL-17 signaling pathway in CA/CPR-induced myocardial dysfunction. (A) Schematic protocol for CA/CPR murine model establishment and subsequent analysis. (B) Representative curve of ECG at stages of Baseline, CA, CPR, and ROSC. Black arrows indicated spontaneous contraction during CPR. (C) Representative M-mode echocardiograms in indicated groups. (D) Echocardiographic measurements of EF and FS in indicated groups (n = 6). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test. ***P < 0.001. (E) Representative PW Doppler-mode echocardiograms in indicated groups. White arrows indicated E and A waves. (F) Echocardiographic measurements of E/A ratio and IVRT in indicated groups (n = 6). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test. **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. (G) Principal components analysis of genes expressions of heart tissues from Sham and CA/CPR groups at 3 h post-resuscitation (female mice, n = 3). (H) The volcano plot showing the differentially expressed genes in CA/CPR versus Sham groups at 3 h post-resuscitation (female mice, n = 3). (I) The top 10 KEGG pathways of differentially expressed genes. (J) Heatmap of differential expressed genes enriched in IL-17 signaling pathway (n = 3). (K) The expressions of chemokines and interleukins involved in IL-17 pathway were detected by RT-qPCR in heart tissues harvested from Sham and CA/CPR groups at indicated times (n = 6). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test. ***P < 0.001. (L) Left panel: Neutrophils infiltration in heart tissues was measured by immunofluorescence staining of Ly6G at indicated times post-Sham and CA/CPR (n = 4, scale bar = 50 μm). Right panel: Quantification of immunofluorescence staining of Ly6G presented in the upper panel (n = 4). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test. *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001. CA, indicates cardiac arrest; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; ECG, electrocardiogram; EF, ejection fraction; FS, fractional shortening; IVRT, isovolumic relaxation time; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes and Genomes; PW, pulsed wave; ROSC, return of spontaneous circulation.