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. 2026 Apr 29;17:1807765. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1807765

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Copyright © 2026 Chiuta, Pofu and Mashela.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Principal component analysis biplots comparing four treatments based on soil properties and enzyme activities; panel (a) shows 96.19 percent cumulative variation, panel (b) shows 89.56 percent, each with axes F1 and F2, arrows for measured variables, and labeled sample points. — Biplot showing average soil organic carbon, microbial diversity, and enzyme activity occurring in potato monoculture (potato), sweet stem sorghum-potato (sorghum), Cucumis africanus-potato (C. africanus), and potato (Velum)-potato (Pot–Velum) cropping sequences at the University of Limpopo (a) and Agricultural Research Council-Vegetable, Industrial and Medicinal Plants (b).