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. 2026 Mar 24;16:14801. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-45098-9

Table 3.

Nasal group of 40 cases.

Geometric feature
definition
The first geometric feature The second geometric feature The third geometric feature The fourth geometric feature
Surface-volume ratio Mean airway width Nostril area size Intake Angle
Grouping Method standard normal distribution The ratio is roughly 1:1 standard normal distribution The ratio is roughly 1:1
Group name a1 a2 a3 b1 b2 c1 c2 c3 d1 d2
Count of Scores 6 28 6 20 20 6 28 6 20 20
Group Definition less than 0.565 between 0.565 and 0.878 greater than 0.878 less than 1.8 mm greater than 1.8 mm less than 40mm2 between 40 and 111mm2 greater than 111mm2 greater than 60° less than 60°