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. 2026 Apr 1;26:600. doi: 10.1186/s12885-026-15937-z

Table 1.

Characteristics of patients divided by the year of 2018

Before 2018(26) 2018 and later(25) P
Age(year) 7.0(0.2 ~ 14.0) 9.0(0.3 ~ 14.0) 0.224
Age (≤ 2 years old) 10 4 0.072
Max diameter(cm) 2.0(0.4 ~ 5.4) 1.7(0.7 ~ 3.6) 0.406
Max diameter(≤ 2.0 cm) 14 17 0.301
TSS 7 19 < 0.001
Elevated serum AFP level 3 1 0.610
Unclear boundary in US 4 5 0.726
Clinical diagnosis of malignant tumor 2 3 0.668
FSE 4 14 0.002

TSS testis sparing surgery, US ultrasound examination, FSE frozen-section examination