Table 2. Sleep patterns across sex, residence, education levels, and occupations in different age groups — China, 2024.
| Age groups (years) | Characteristics | Total |
Sleep duration x (hours) (95% CI) |
P |
Sleep latency x (min) (95% CI) |
P |
Bedtime x (95% CI) |
P |
Wake-up time x (95% CI) |
P |
| Note: In the occupation category, “Others” refers to occupations not included in the specific categories listed, while “Unknown” indicates that the occupation information is unavailable or could not be determined，“–” denotes not applicable for this age group. Abbreviation: CI=confidence interval. | ||||||||||
| 15–17 | Sex | 0.81 | 0.15 | 0.55 | 0.38 | |||||
| Male | 263 | 8.19 (7.95, 8.43) |
27.74 (20.15, 35.33) |
22:42 (22:31, 22:53) |
7:44 (7:07, 8:21) |
|||||
| Female | 214 | 8.23 (7.96, 8.50) |
21.99 (19.74, 24.24) |
22:38 (22:26, 22:50) |
7:54 (7:36, 8:12) |
|||||
| Residence | 0.02 | 0.30 | 0.09 | 0.53 | ||||||
| Urban | 256 | 8.00 (7.78, 8.22) |
28.08 (18.76, 37.40) |
22:48 (22:39, 22:57) |
7:38 (6:56, 8:20) |
|||||
| Rural | 221 | 8.39 (8.14, 8.64) |
23.02 (20.37, 25.67) |
22:34 (22:20, 22:48) |
7:57 (7:32, 8:22) |
|||||
| Education level | 0.93 | 0.61 | <0.0001 | 0.001 | ||||||
| Primary school or below | 2 | 8.10 (7.93, 8.27) |
22.93 (19.57, 26.29) |
20:48 (20:28, 21:08) |
6:37 (5:57, 7:17) |
|||||
| Junior high school | 271 | 8.22 (7.94, 8.50) |
23.59 (20.73, 26.45) |
22:49 (22:35, 23:03) |
7:44 (7:27, 8:01) |
|||||
| High school/ Vocational school |
193 | 7.76 (7.66, 7.86) |
24.05 (22.72, 25.38) |
22:42 (22:29, 22:55) |
7:16 (7:05, 7:27) |
|||||
| University/ College or above |
7 | 8.19 (7.26, 9.12) |
18.65 (9.66, 27.64) |
21:56 (20:45, 23:07) |
6:47 (6:19, 7:15) |
|||||
| Unknown | 4 | 8.02 (6.90, 9.14) |
22.84 (20.95, 24.73) |
23:11 (22:45, 23:37) |
8:21 (6:23, 10:19) |
|||||
| Occupation | <0.0001 | 0.47 | <0.0001 | 0.46 | ||||||
| Agricultural workers | 3 | 10.70 (9.36, 12.04) |
21.33 (19.31, 23.35) |
21:41 (21:01, 22:21) |
9:45 (7:27, 12:03) |
|||||
| Government/ public institution staff |
– | – | – | – | – | |||||
| Business/ service employee |
6 | 8.86 (8.37, 9.35) |
21.07 (15.52, 26.62) |
21:49 (20:10, 23:28) |
7:25 (6:13, 8:37) |
|||||
| Teaching staff | – | – | – | – | – | |||||
| Medical/health personnel | – | – | – | – | – | |||||
| Students | 442 | 8.17 (7.97, 8.37) |
25.17 (20.32, 30.02) |
22:42 (22:32, 22:52) |
7:39 (7:26, 7:52) |
|||||
| Unemployed | 11 | 8.42 (7.98, 8.86) |
22.73 (15.27, 30.19) |
22:39 (21:46, 23:32) |
7:37 (6:37, 8:37) |
|||||
| Retired | – | – | – | – | – | |||||
| Others | 13 | 8.80 (8.01, 9.59) |
35.53 (31.33, 39.73) |
22:19 (21:47, 22:51) |
8:13 (6:59, 9:27) |
|||||
| Unknown | 2 | 8.00 (7.06, 8.94) |
25.33 (20.93, 29.73) |
22:40 (22:02, 23:18) |
7:30 (7:30, 7:30) |
|||||
| 18–44 | Sex | <0.0001 | 0.0004 | <0.0001 | 0.001 | |||||
| Male | 5,203 | 7.49 (7.41, 7.57) |
23.56 (22.30, 24.82) |
22:50 (22:37, 23:03) |
7:15 (7:02, 7:28) |
|||||
| Female | 6,213 | 7.66 (7.59, 7.73) |
25.96 (24.78, 27.14) |
22:26 (22:15, 22:37) |
7:04 (6:56, 7:12) |
|||||
| Area | 0.83 | 0.12 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||
| Urban | 7,997 | 7.58 (7.53, 7.63) |
24.02 (22.58, 25.46) |
22:56 (22:44, 23:08) |
7:14 (7:03, 7:25) |
|||||
| Rural | 3,419 | 7.56 (7.44, 7.68) |
25.52 (24.29, 26.75) |
22:31 (22:22, 22:40) |
7:05 (6:56, 7:14) |
|||||
| Education level | <0.0001 | 0.47 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||
| Primary school or below | 639 | 7.31 (7.09, 7.53) |
26.48 (23.69, 29.27) |
22:01 (21:45, 22:17) |
6:22 (6:08, 6:36) |
|||||
| Junior high school | 3,318 | 7.47 (7.38, 7.56) |
25.30 (23.78, 26.82) |
22:20 (22:11, 22:29) |
6:40 (6:33, 6:47) |
|||||
| High school/ Vocational school |
2,239 | 7.76 (7.66, 7.86) |
24.05 (22.72, 25.38) |
22:42 (22:29, 22:55) |
7:16 (7:05, 7:27) |
|||||
| University/ College or above |
5,173 | 7.57 (7.50, 7.64) |
24.48 (23.30, 25.66) |
22:52 (22:40, 23:04) |
7:12 (7:03, 7:21) |
|||||
| Unknown | 47 | 8.23 (7.83, 8.63) |
24.09 (20.07, 28.11) |
22:55 (22:16, 23:34) |
8:00 (7:15, 8:45) |
|||||
| Occupation | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||
| Agricultural workers | 1,466 | 7.56 (7.42, 7.70) |
25.29 (23.34, 27.24) |
21:50 (21:41, 21:59) |
6:12 (6:04, 6:20) |
|||||
| Government/ public institution staff |
531 | 7.07 (6.85, 7.29) |
26.85 (24.55, 29.15) |
22:57 (22:44, 23:10) |
6:52 (6:42, 7:02) |
|||||
| Business/ service employee |
3,932 | 7.43 (7.34, 7.52) |
24.42 (23.06, 25.78) |
22:44 (22:31, 22:57) |
6:59 (6:46, 7:12) |
|||||
| Teaching staff | 385 | 7.58 (7.40, 7.76) |
23.87 (22.40, 25.34) |
22:35 (22:23, 22:47) |
6:57 (6:42, 7:12) |
|||||
| Medical/health personnel | 373 | 7.51 (7.37, 7.65) |
24.62 (22.95, 26.29) |
22:32 (22:21, 22:43) |
6:44 (6:38, 6:50) |
|||||
| Students | 571 | 8.40 (8.28, 8.52) |
22.17 (20.47, 23.87) |
22:56 (22:41, 23:11) |
8:06 (7:52, 8:20) |
|||||
| Unemployed | 1,231 | 7.79 (7.64, 7.94) |
27.24 (24.48, 30.00) |
22:26 (22:13, 22:39) |
7:12 (7:01, 7:23) |
|||||
| Retired | 4 | 6.69 (6.54, 6.84) |
26.14 (22.05, 30.23) |
23:26 (23:15, 23:37) |
6:43 (6:29, 6:57) |
|||||
| Others | 2,757 | 7.48 (7.39, 7.57) |
24.89 (23.23, 26.55) |
22:48 (22:34, 23:02) |
7:06 (6:54, 7:18) |
|||||
| Unknown | 166 | 7.84 (7.59, 8.09) |
19.94 (17.81, 22.07) |
22:43 (22:29, 22:57) |
7:13 (6:58, 7:28) |
|||||
| 45–64 | Sex | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||||
| Male | 9,538 | 6.97 (6.90, 7.04) |
24.75 (23.85, 25.65) |
21:57 (21:51, 22:03) |
6:06 (5:58, 6:14) |
|||||
| Female | 10,284 | 6.82 (6.72, 6.92) |
30.90 (29.47, 32.33) |
21:49 (21:44, 21:54) |
6:05 (5:59, 6:11) |
|||||
| Area | 0.19 | 0.004 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||
| Urban | 9,982 | 6.95 (6.83, 7.07) |
26.17 (25.15, 27.19) |
22:12 (22:05, 22:19) |
6:22 (6:17, 6:27) |
|||||
| Rural | 9,840 | 6.85 (6.76, 6.94) |
29.01 (27.41, 30.61) |
21:39 (21:34, 21:44) |
5:54 (5:49, 5:59) |
|||||
| Education level | 0.002 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||
| Primary school or below | 6,191 | 6.75 (6.65, 6.85) |
31.88 (29.93, 33.83) |
21:35 (21:29, 21:41) |
5:26 (5:20, 5:32) |
|||||
| Junior high school | 9,114 | 6.93 (6.84, 7.02) |
26.93 (25.66, 28.20) |
21:47 (21:42, 21:52) |
5:40 (5:35, 5:45) |
|||||
| High school/ Vocational school |
2,961 | 6.95 (6.88, 7.02) |
25.17 (23.98, 26.36) |
22:13 (22:05, 22:21) |
5:59 (5:48, 6:10) |
|||||
| University/ College or above |
1,533 | 7.01 (6.86, 7.16) |
24.64 (22.54, 26.74) |
22:36 (22:25, 22:47) |
6:19 (6:09, 6:29) |
|||||
| Unknown | 23 | 7.21 (6.71, 7.71) |
25.33 (19.76, 30.90) |
21:52 (21:12, 22:32) |
6:02 (5:25, 6:39) |
|||||
| Occupation | 0.48 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||
| Agricultural workers | 8,177 | 6.88 (6.77, 6.99) |
29.11 (27.62, 30.60) |
21:29 (21:23, 21:35) |
5:23 (5:17, 5:29) |
|||||
| Government/ public institution staff |
359 | 6.79 (6.62, 6.96) |
23.20 (20.02, 26.38) |
22:33 (22:18, 22:48) |
6:04 (5:52, 6:16) |
|||||
| Business/ service employee |
3,281 | 6.89 (6.78, 7.00) |
25.23 (24.09, 26.37) |
22:12 (22:02, 22:22) |
5:54 (5:41, 6:07) |
|||||
| Teaching staff | 168 | 6.82 (6.68, 6.96) |
25.96 (22.29, 29.63) |
22:40 (22:29, 22:51) |
6:10 (5:57, 6:23) |
|||||
| Medical/health personnel | 160 | 7.20 (6.85, 7.55) |
23.89 (21.50, 26.28) |
22:22 (22:12, 22:32) |
6:12 (5:59, 6:25) |
|||||
| Students | – | – | – | – | – | |||||
| Unemployed | 2,246 | 6.90 (6.71, 7.09) |
32.95 (30.37, 35.53) |
21:51 (21:43, 21:59) |
5:50 (5:38, 6:02) |
|||||
| Retired | 2,080 | 6.93 (6.80, 7.06) |
27.61 (24.46, 30.76) |
21:50 (21:38, 22:02) |
5:46 (5:35, 5:57) |
|||||
| Others | 3,257 | 6.89 (6.78, 7.00) |
26.10 (24.70, 27.50) |
22:09 (22:01, 22:17) |
5:55 (5:47, 6:03) |
|||||
| Unknown | 94 | 7.13 (6.65, 7.61) |
26.06 (21.19, 30.93) |
22:18 (21:52, 22:44) |
6:21 (5:58, 6:44) |
|||||
| ≥65 | Sex | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.34 | 0.04 | |||||
| Male | 7,330 | 6.96 (6.86, 7.06) |
29.53 (28.11, 30.95) |
21:11 (21:04, 21:18) |
5:43 (5:38, 5:48) |
|||||
| Female | 7,162 | 6.64 (6.54, 6.74) |
39.49 (36.72, 42.26) |
21:08 (21:01, 21:15) |
5:46 (5:42, 5:50) |
|||||
| Area | 0.40 | 0.07 | <0.0001 | 0.003 | ||||||
| Urban | 6,677 | 6.74 (6.62, 6.86) |
32.64 (30.07, 35.21) |
21:29 (21:21, 21:37) |
5:54 (5:46, 6:02) |
|||||
| Rural | 7,815 | 6.82 (6.69, 6.95) |
35.88 (33.48, 38.28) |
21:00 (20:52, 21:08) |
5:39 (5:34, 5:44) |
|||||
| Education level | 0.06 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||
| Primary school or below | 8,699 | 6.79 (6.68, 6.90) |
37.40 (34.92, 39.88) |
20:58 (20:51, 21:05) |
5:05 (4:59, 5:11) |
|||||
| Junior high school | 3,975 | 6.85 (6.76, 6.94) |
31.34 (29.79, 32.89) |
21:17 (21:10, 21:24) |
5:14 (5:08, 5:20) |
|||||
| High school/ Vocational school |
1,483 | 6.65 (6.53, 6.77) |
30.81 (28.03, 33.59) |
21:39 (21:30, 21:48) |
5:22 (5:14, 5:30) |
|||||
| University/ College or above |
311 | 6.75 (6.48, 7.02) |
27.76 (23.71, 31.81) |
22:00 (21:44, 22:16) |
5:45 (5:34, 5:56) |
|||||
| Unknown | 24 | 7.98 (6.44, 9.52) |
22.65 (19.76, 25.54) |
20:23 (19:18, 21:28) |
5:06 (4:46, 5:26) |
|||||
| Occupation | 0.0006 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||
| Agricultural workers | 6,867 | 6.81 (6.67, 6.95) |
34.59 (31.99, 37.19) |
20:59 (20:53, 21:05) |
5:02 (4:57, 5:07) |
|||||
| Government/ public institution staff |
24 | 6.79 (5.94, 7.64) |
33.81 (27.88, 39.74) |
21:37 (20:55, 22:19) |
5:17 (4:28, 6:06) |
|||||
| Business/ service employee |
339 | 6.73 (6.56, 6.90) |
28.16 (22.63, 33.69) |
21:24 (21:14, 21:34) |
5:01 (4:51, 5:11) |
|||||
| Teaching staff | 28 | 7.52 (7.01, 8.03) |
19.25 (16.05, 22.45) |
21:24 (21:08, 21:40) |
5:31 (5:21, 5:41) |
|||||
| Medical/health personnel | 20 | 6.67 (6.01, 7.33) |
20.77 (15.50, 26.04) |
21:43 (21:20, 22:06) |
5:12 (4:36, 5:48) |
|||||
| Students | – | – | – | – | – | |||||
| Unemployed | 2,168 | 6.88 (6.73, 7.03) |
40.07 (36.77, 43.37) |
21:00 (20:48, 21:12) |
5:14 (5:05, 5:23) |
|||||
| Retired | 3,252 | 6.70 (6.56, 6.84) |
31.77 (28.90, 34.64) |
21:33 (21:20, 21:46) |
5:22 (5:10, 5:34) |
|||||
| Others | 1,710 | 6.79 (6.61, 6.97) |
35.98 (32.13, 39.83) |
21:09 (20:53, 21:25) |
5:10 (5:00, 5:20) |
|||||
| Unknown | 84 | 7.05 (6.42, 7.68) |
28.33 (27.60, 29.06) |
21:08 (20:46, 21:30) |
5:20 (4:50, 5:50) |
|||||