Expression of vtPA in E. coli. Plasminogen activation was measured for total cell extracts from cultures expressing Δss-vtPA, stII-vtPA, and ssTorA-vtPA. Equivalent numbers of cells were harvested 6 h after induction and lysed by sonication, and this was followed by quantification of plasminogen activation using an indirect chromogenic assay described in Materials and Methods. Relative activity is expressed as the amount of plasminogen activated in each lysate sample normalized to the amount activated by lysates from FÅ113 cells expressing Δss-vtPA. Bar 1, FÅ113/pTrc99A (empty vector); bar 2, FÅ113 /pTrcvtPA-h6; bar 3, FÅ113/pTrcStIIvtPA-h6; bar 4, FÅ113/pTrcTorAvtPA-h6.