FIG. 3.

Effect of DsbC coexpression on subcellular localization and activity of vtPA. Expression of foldase was induced with 0.2% arabinose 30 min prior to vtPA induction. Equivalent numbers of cells were harvested 6 h after vtPA induction and fractionated into cytoplasmic (open bars) and periplasmic (gray bars) fractions. FÅ113 cells carried a vtPA plasmid plus one of the following coexpression vectors: empty pBAD33 (−), pBADΔSSdsbC (ΔssDsbC), or pBADdsbC (DsbC). Relative activity is expressed as the activity in the cytoplasmic or periplasmic samples normalized to the activity measured in the cytoplasm or periplasm of FÅ113 cells expressing Δss-vtPA plus the pBAD33 empty vector. Only data from fractionation experiments in which ≥95% of the β-galactosidase activity was in the cytoplasmic fraction are shown.