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. 2026 May 15;12(20):eaee0777. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aee0777

Fig. 2. Rheological performance of thermoreversible ionic biogel.

Fig. 2.

(A) Schematic illustration comparing the efficiency of thermoreversibility of NC and BC-NP, the marginal thermoreversibility of BC-MP, and no thermoreversibility for BC-PP. The gel form of NC and BC-NP switches to sol form due to the droplet-like or nonpercolated morphology of the PEDOT network. Marginally percolated PEDOT has limited elastic connections, which marginally undergo a gel-sol transition. In contrast, permanently percolated PEDOT forms a scaffold, and therefore, the system remains in gel form after heating. (B) Loss tangent as a function of temperature for NC 35 w/w%. Comparison of loss tangent as a function of temperature for (C) 100 w/w% BC-MP and BC-PP 200, 300 w/w% and (D) BC-MP 100 w/w% and NC 100 w/w% systems. (E) Comparison of rheological parameters, such as changes in loss tangent and viscosity, for different concentrations of the bicontinuous system. (F) Comparison of rheological parameters, such as changes in loss tangent, viscosity, and time constant of the isothermal cycle for different ionic liquids for NC 35 w/w%. Time constant of isothermal relaxation of storage modulus over 20 thermal cycles for (G) BC-MP, NC, and non-ionic biogels (3) and (H) BC-NP 35 w/w%, 50 w/w%, and BC-MP 100 w/w%.