Table 1. PAA-BP-metal coordination bonding enables thiol-based covalent attachment of Ad-binding agents for tethering Ad: Ad-binding comparisons of various alloys and D1 vs. antibody (mean ± SE).

Metal alloy	Anti-knob antibody-bound Ad (×109 particles per cm2)	D1-bound Ad (×109 particles per cm2)
316L steel	4.30 ± 0.34	10.8 ± 0.6*
Nitinol	5.27 ± 0.10	11.6 ± 0.4*
Co—Cr	3.52 ± 1.13	15.1 ± 1.37*

^*Greater binding with D1, P < 0.001.