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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 May 17.
Published in final edited form as: ACS Sens. 2026 Feb 6;11(2):909–922. doi: 10.1021/acssensors.5c01707

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

Design of receptor-specific MDF for TNFRSF targets. (A) Schematic of TNFR1 (R1, left; mScI3/ShR fusion) and TNFR2 (R2, right; mNg/ShY fusion) FRET biosensors using the MDF FRET pairs. Both receptors are full-length, functional constructs with a C-terminal XFP fusion and under basal conditions exist as a preligand-assembly domain (PLAD)-mediated dimer. (B) Expression of donor-only (D) or donor + acceptor (DA; at a 1:1 ratio) in HEK293T cells results in a robust ΔFLT (FRET) signal. Panel A generated in Biorender. Data represent mean ± SD of n = 3 biological replicates; significance determined by one-way ANOVA (ns = p > 0.05; **** = p < 0.0001).