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. 2026 Mar 31;16:15268. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-42409-y

Table 4.

Influencing factors indicator system of ISDE.

Subsystems Index Unit Abbreviation
Population growth Permanent population 10k persons PP
Employed population in industry 10k persons EPI
Gross domestic product per capita 10k persons GDP
Economic development Industry added value 100 million RMB IAV
Number of foreign enterprises household NFE
Foreign investment million USD IFE
Natural gas consumption 100 million km3 NGC
Energy consumption Coal consumption 10k tons CC
Crude oil consumption 10k tons COC
Thermal power generation 100 million kWh TPG
Industrial production Cement output 10k tons CO
Crude steel output 10k tons CSO
Pig iron output 10k tons PIO
Technology policy Technical level of governance % TLG
Efforts of environmental governance % EEG
Domestic patent authorization Item DPA
Technology market turnover 100 million RMB TMT

Due to data source limitations of the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the data for the indicators of “governance technology level” and “environmental governance intensity” cover the period from 2007 to 2021.