Table 1. Final escape proportions (% ± SEM) of female An. epiroticus laboratory strain exposed to various synthetic and natural repellents using ER assay system.
| Repellents | ER assay | Percent escape | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Treatment | % Corrected* | ||
| Deltamethrin (LC50) | Non-contact | 8.33 ± 3.19 | 20.00 ± 2.72a | 12.73 |
| Contact | 5.00 ± 3.19 | 45.00 ± 3.19b | 42.11 | |
| Deltamethrin (DC) | Non-contact | 8.33 ± 1.67 | 25.00 ± 1.67a | 18.18 |
| Contact | 10.00 ± 1.92 | 28.33 ± 4.19a | 20.37 | |
| Permethrin (LC50) | Non-contact | 10.00 ± 3.33 | 23.33 ± 8.39a | 14.81 |
| Contact | 8.33 ± 1.67 | 40.00 ± 4.71a | 34.55 | |
| Permethrin (DC) | Non-contact | 6.67 ± 0.00 | 28.33 ± 6.31a | 23.21 |
| Contact | 5.00 ± 3.19 | 16.67 ± 3.33a | 12.28 | |
| Alpha-cypermethrin (LC50) | Non-contact | 8.33 ± 1.67 | 11.67 ± 3.19a | 3.64 |
| Contact | 13.33 ± 2.72 | 21.67 ± 1.67a | 9.62 | |
| Alpha-cypermethrin (DC) | Non-contact | 6.67 ± 2.72 | 18.33 ± 6.31a | 12.49 |
| Contact | 6.67 ± 2.72 | 20.00 ± 7.20a | 14.28 | |
| 2.5% DEET | Non-contact | 8.33 ± 3.19 | 25.00 ± 5.00a | 18.18 |
| Contact | 8.33 ± 4.19 | 26.67 ± 6.09a | 20.01 | |
| 5.0% DEET | Non-contact | 10.00 ± 3.33 | 33.33 ± 4.71a | 25.92 |
| Contact | 6.67 ± 0.00 | 35.00 ± 6.87a | 30.35 | |
| 2.5% Vetiver oil | Non-contact | 8.33 ± 1.67 | 33.33 ± 9.43a | 27.27 |
| Contact | 10.00 ± 1.92 | 38.33 ± 8.77a | 31.48 | |
| 5.0% Vetiver oil | Non-contact | 13.33 ± 3.85 | 36.67 ± 3.33a | 26.93 |
| Contact | 13.33 ± 0.00 | 48.33 ± 5.69a | 40.38 | |
| 2.5% Citronella oil | Non-contact | 5.00 ± 3.19 | 31.67 ± 3.19a | 28.07 |
| Contact | 10.00 ± 1.92 | 56.67 ± 1.92b | 51.86 | |
| 5.0% Citronella oil | Non-contact | 10.00 ± 4.30 | 63.33 ± 3.33a | 59.26 |
| Contact | 8.33 ± 1.67 | 56.67 ± 6.94a | 52.73 | |
Notes.
*
Percent escape adjusted with paired controls using Abbott’s formula.
Different letters beside percent escape of treatment group indicate significant differences (P < 0.05) in mean percent escape between non-contact or contact in the same test compound of the same concentration using Mann–Whitney U test.
% w/v means percent of weight (g) of repellent in the total volume of solution. LC50; lethal concentration 50, DC; diagnostic concentration. LC50 of deltamethrin, permethrin, and alpha-cypermethrin are 0.00035%, 0.01030%, and 0.00046%, respectively. DC of deltamethrin, permethrin, and alpha-cypermethrin are 0.006%, 0.349%, and 0.009%, respectively.