Table 2.

Coding framework for institutional implementation capacity (guidelines, training, resources, equity support).

Capacity domain	Code label	Operational definition	Observable indicators	Coding scale and rule	Illustrative institutional practice (paraphrased)	Prevalence (institutions, %)	Mean intensity (0–3)
Guidance quality	Task-specific guidance	Degree to which guidance specifies GenAI use by task type (writing, coding, problem sets, exams)	Task matrix; do/do not lists; discipline notes	0 = none; 1 = generic; 2 = task list; 3 = task list + examples	“Separate guidance is provided for essays, coding assignments, and timed assessments, with concrete examples.”	66.7	1.97
Guidance usability	Student-facing templates	Availability of ready-to-use templates that operationalize rules	AI-use statement template; disclosure checklist; citation format	0 = none; 1 = mention only; 2 = template exists; 3 = template + required fields	“Students submit an AI-use statement specifying tool, purpose, and verification steps.”	52.4	1.61
Faculty support	Teaching-center support	Formal support for instructors to redesign learning and assessment	Consultation hours; course redesign clinics; exemplar repositories	0 = none; 1 = ad hoc; 2 = structured; 3 = structured + exemplars	“Teaching center offers a redesign clinic and a repository of assessment examples.”	59.6	1.74
Training coverage	Faculty training provision	Provision of faculty training with clear scope and schedule	Workshop series; modules; attendance tracking	0 = none; 1 = one-off; 2 = series; 3 = series + role-based tracks	“A multi-week training series provides role-based modules for instructors and TAs.”	57.1	1.69
Training coverage	Student training provision	Provision of student-facing training for responsible GenAI use	Orientation modules; micro-credentials; tutorials	0 = none; 1 = brief note; 2 = training offered; 3 = training + completion pathway	“Students complete a short module on verification, disclosure, and academic integrity.”	45.2	1.33
Tool access	Institution-provided GenAI access	Whether the institution provides approved access pathways	Campus accounts; approved vendors; SSO access	0 = none; 1 = informal suggestion; 2 = approved access; 3 = approved access + guidance	“Approved accounts are provided through SSO with documented acceptable-use conditions.”	38.1	1.18
LMS integration	Workflow integration in LMS	Integration of guidance and disclosure into LMS workflows	LMS plug-ins; assignment prompts; disclosure fields	0 = none; 1 = optional links; 2 = LMS guidance; 3 = embedded workflow fields	“LMS assignment pages include a required AI-use disclosure field for specified tasks.”	31	1.06
Support channels	Student help and reporting routes	Availability of support channels for questions and incident reporting	Helpdesk; dedicated email; reporting form; response SLAs	0 = none; 1 = generic help; 2 = dedicated channel; 3 = dedicated channel + response standard	“A dedicated support inbox and reporting form are monitored with published response times.”	54.8	1.52
Equity safeguards	Equity and accommodation provisions	Measures to mitigate access gaps and ensure fair evaluation	Alternative pathways; device/tool provision; grading guidance	0 = none; 1 = acknowledgement; 2 = concrete support; 3 = support + fairness rules	“When access differs, an equivalent non-GenAI pathway is offered under comparable criteria.”	33.3	1.12
Integrity operations	Process-evidence guidance	Guidance that operationalizes integrity via process evidence	Draft logs; reflection notes; prompt records; oral checks	0 = none; 1 = general; 2 = recommended; 3 = recommended + rubrics	“Guidance requires process evidence and includes rubric language for verification and authorship.”	47.6	1.41
Risk management	Hallucination and verification training	Practical guidance for fact-checking and uncertainty handling	Verification checklist; source triangulation; citation rules	0 = none; 1 = caution note; 2 = checklist; 3 = checklist + worked examples	“A verification checklist is provided with worked examples of error detection and correction.”	61.9	1.83
Privacy operations	Data-protection implementation guidance	Operational instructions to prevent sensitive-data leakage	“Do not upload PII”; approved tools list; redaction steps	0 = none; 1 = generic; 2 = explicit steps; 3 = steps + tool governance	“Guidance specifies redaction steps and restricts use to approved platforms for sensitive content.”	58.7	1.68
Communication	Centralized resource hub	Presence of a single, updated hub that consolidates policies and resources	One-stop portal; navigation; cross-links	0 = none; 1 = scattered links; 2 = partial hub; 3 = centralized hub	“A centralized portal consolidates rules, training, templates, and contact routes.”	50	1.49
Continuous improvement	Feedback and update mechanism	Mechanism to collect feedback and revise guidance	Feedback forms; version notes; scheduled reviews	0 = none; 1 = date only; 2 = feedback channel; 3 = feedback + review cycle	“A feedback channel and semester review cycle are documented with version notes.”	42.9	1.27