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. 2026 Apr 13;33(5):756–767. doi: 10.1038/s41594-026-01788-6

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© The Author(s) 2026

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 10 — Top: Cleavage and R-loop formation kinetics for Al3Cas12f, OsCas12f, and RhCas12f are shown in green, blue, and red, respectively. Bottom: Kinetic scheme generated in KinTek for DNA binding, R-loop formation, and cleavage for each Cas12f variant. Rate constants in black were locked at the values shown in the fitting. Source data are provided in Source Data file.

Source data