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. 2026 Mar 10;26:1568. doi: 10.1186/s12889-026-26941-0

Table 4.

Results of standardization robustness analysis

Path CRSE Bootstrap
Coefficients CRSE 95%CI P Coefficients SE Bootstrap(95%CI) P
Male
Factor 1b → Factor 2b 0.081 0.06 [-0.035 to 0.198] 0.172 0.110 0.05 [0.010 to 0.206] 0.029
Factor 2b → poor vision -0.191 0.10 [-0.382 to -0.001] 0.049 -0.245 0.06 [-0.362 to -0.126] < 0.001
Female
Factor 1b → Factor 2b 0.204 0.05 [0.100 to 0.308] < 0.001 0.219 0.05 [0.122 to 0.313] < 0.001
Factor 1b → poor vision 0.178 0.07 [0.035 to 0.295] 0.013 0.165 0.07 [0.027 to 0.300] 0.016

Abbreviations: CRSE Cluster robust standard errors