Table 2.
Study x Theme Matrix
| Author (year) | Theme 1: Work Engagement | Theme 2: Barriers to Altruism, Self-Sacrifice | Theme 3: Spirituality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adib-Hajbaghery et al. (2021) | X | X | |
| Ali et al. (2025) | X | X | |
| Asadi et al. (2019) | X | ||
| Atefi et al. (2014) | X | X | |
| Atefi et al. (2016) | X | X | |
| Atkinson (2015) | X | X | |
| Banks & Bailey (2010) | X | X | |
| Christianson et al. (2022) | X | X | |
| Cohen et al. (1994) | X | ||
| Coverston et al. (2004) | X | X | |
| De Benedectis et al. (2022) | X | X | X |
| de Olivera et al. (2019) | X | X | |
| Desroches et al. (2024) | X | X | |
| Dino et al. (2022) | X | X | |
| Drimousi et al. (2025) | X | ||
| Eder et al. (2022) | X | X | |
| Franco et al. (2022) | X | X | |
| Friedrich et al. (2011) | X | ||
| Gimba & Duma (2015) | X | X | |
| Haberman et al. (1994) | X | X | |
| Harding (2009) | X | ||
| Hjerrild et al. (2025) | X | ||
| Horberg et al. (2023) | X | ||
| Huang et al. (2025) | X | ||
| Khanjarian & Sadat-Hoseini (2021) | X | X | |
| Liao et al. (2024) | X | ||
| Mahmoodishan et al. (2010) | X | ||
| Mair et al. (2022) | X | ||
| Morgan & Lynn (2009) | X | ||
| Nizzer et al. (2024) | X | ||
| Perry (2008) | X | ||
| Ravari et al. (2009) | X | ||
| Rezaie et al. (2025) | X | X | |
| Salaree et al. (2014) | X | ||
| Shih et al. (2009) | X | X | |
| Sousa-Riberiro (2024) | X | ||
| Yau et al. (2024) | X | X | |
| Yu et al. (2020) | X | ||
| Zamanzadeh et al. (2018) | X |