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. 2026 May 20;24:321. doi: 10.1186/s12916-026-04906-9

Table 3.

Associations between intellectual disability and outcomes following a first symptom suggestive of bowel cancer

No ID (N) ID (N) RR (95% CI)
Total patients with ≥1 symptom 405,891 35,427
FIT / FOB test within 28 days of first symptom 5070 333 0.74 (0.67–0.83)
Referral within 28 days of first symptom 9513 479 0.57 (0.52–0.63)
Endoscopy within 56 days of first symptom 17,324 731 0.45 (0.42–0.49)
Diagnosis within 56 days of first symptom 1448 65 0.52 (0.41–0.67)
Diagnosis within 6 months of first symptom 2154 117 0.64 (0.53–0.77)
Diagnosis within 1 year of first symptom 2462 137 0.67 (0.56–0.79)
Diagnosis within 3 years of first symptom 3035 192 0.78 (0.68–0.90)
Diagnosis within 3 years (inc. MUO / CUP) 3411 244 0.89 (0.78–1.01)

ID intellectual disability, FIT faecal immunochemical test, FOB faecal occult blood test, RR risk ratio, CI confidence interval, MUO malignancy of undefined origin, CUP cancer of unknown primary