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. 2026 May 20;24:321. doi: 10.1186/s12916-026-04906-9

Table 5.

Association between intellectual disability and bowel cancer specific survival

No ID (deaths / total) ID (deaths / total) 1-year (no ID) 1-year (ID) 3-year (no ID) 3-year (ID) HR (95% CI)
All 2015 / 6085 176 / 381 80.1% (79.1–81.1) 63.1% (57.8–68.0) 66.6% (65.3–67.9) 47.6% (41.7–53.3) 2.00 (1.71-2.33)
Stages 1–2 162 / 1715 17 / 89 95.5% (94.4–96.5) 91.3% (82.5–95.8) 91.1% (89.5–92.5) 75.1% (61.4–84.5) 2.34 (1.40-3.90)
Stage 3 270 / 1179 19 / 69 90.3% (88.4–91.9) 82.3% (69.3–90.1) 75.6% (72.5–78.4) 63.7% (47.1–76.4) 2.13 (1.33-3.41)
Stage 4 748 / 1178 61 / 89 52.9% (49.8–56.0) 32.0% (21.8–42.7) 24.2% (21.2–27.3) 19.5% (10.8–30.1) 1.63 (1.25-2.13)
Unknown 835 / 2013 79 / 134 76.1% (74.1–77.9) 54.6% (45.6–62.7) 63.7% (61.5–65.9) 39.2% (30.3–48.0) 2.27 (1.79-2.86)

ID intellectual disability, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval