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. 2025 Oct 21;27(3):691–698. doi: 10.1007/s10198-025-01856-6

Table 2.

Mean (SE) costs of productivity losses in the first 3 months post-stroke (n = 65)

mRS 0 (n = 3) mRS 1 (n = 5) mRS 2 (n = 43) mRS 3–5 (n = 14)
Paid work
 Presenteeism 0(0) 0(0) 72(37) 0(0)
 Absenteeism 10,464(3851) 8980(3128) 13,812(1464) 17,620(1872)
 Total costs 10,464(3851) 8980(3128) 13,884(1462) 17,620(1872)
Unpaid work
 Total costs 713(1438) 594(1046) 1635(817) 2081(1296)

Abbreviations: mRSmodified Rankin Scale

Note: For the first three months after a stroke, both the friction cost method and the human capital approach yield the same cost estimates (as the friction period was set at 90 days). Costs are in euros