Table 3.
Digital twin synchronization hyperparameters.
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Process noise covariance (Q) | 1e-3 |
| Measurement noise covariance (R) | 1e-2 |
| Sampling interval (Δt) | 0.1 s |
| Synchronization threshold | Mahalanobis distance > 3.5 |
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