Table 9.

Symbol table.

Symbol	Description
	Set of IoT devices deployed in the industrial environment
	Telemetry observation collected at time step
	Multivariate telemetry feature vector from IoT devices
	Latent representation generated by the contrastive encoder
	Contrastive learning encoder function with parameters
	Anomaly score computed for the telemetry sample at time
	Decision threshold for anomaly detection
	Structural causal graph consisting of variables and causal edges
	Node representing a system variable in the causal model
	Parent variables of the node in the causal graph
	Causal intervention on a variable
	Predicted causal outcome after intervention
	DT state corresponding to the physical system at time
	Estimated system state reconstructed by the DT
	Blockchain block containing validated telemetry transactions
	Cryptographic hash of the blockchain block
	Telemetry transaction recorded on the blockchain
	Root-cause inference result generated by the causal model
	Total number of telemetry samples in the dataset