Table 2.

Representation of drug formulation, target mode, comparative findings and clinical translation of different drug and NPs

Drug	Formulation	Response comparison	Nanocarrier	Target model	Comparative findings	Advantages	Clinical translation	References
Doxorubicin	PEGylated doxorubicin	Higher tumor suppression	DOX-RGD-PEG	Brain Cancer	IC50 was 0.52 mg/mL higher accumulation	NPs showed IC50 values lower than free drugs	Long-term effects	[79]
Salvianolic Acid	Ovarian cancer (OC)	Phospholipid NPs	PLC-NPs	Oral Cancer	Higher chemoprevention effects	Minimizing damage to healthy tissues	High production costs, low repeatability	[87]
Curcumin	Oral or beast Cancer	Lipid nanocores	Lipid Nanocarrier	OSCC Cells	Enhanced bioavailability	multidrug resistance	Multi-functional activity	[81]
Docetaxel	Cancer Cells	Nano-lipid carriers	Polymeric NPs	Breast Cancer	Drug delivery active targeting	Simultaneous diagnosis for chemotherapy	Mononuclear phagocyte system	[88]
Chlorhexidine	Cancer Cells	Nano-lipid carriers	Liposomal NPs	Cancer	Better control of infection free agents	nanoparticles concentrate drugs used tumor sites	Low repeatability	[89]
Methotrexate	Colorectal	CarrageenanAuNPs	AuNPs	Lung Cancer	Suppression of tumor growth	Encapsulated drugs can bypass efflux	Long-term effects	[84]
Camptothecin	Prostate cancer	Polymeric NPs	Lipid-based NPs	Glioblastoma	Improve stability-controlled release	simultaneous diagnosis	Long-term effects	[90]
Paclitaxel	Breast cancer	ZnO-PBA NPs	Prussian Blue NPs	Lung Cancer	92% loading efficiency	Minimizing damage to healthy tissues	High costs, low repeatability	[91]
Epirubicin	Colorectal (HCT-116)	AuNPs	Lipid NPs	Breast cancer	Enhanced bioavailability	Stimuli-responsive release in tumor	multi-functional activity	[92]
5-Fluorouracil	Prostate	Quantum dot	SLN	OSCC Cells	Drug delivery system	Enhanced uptake, targeted imaging	mononuclear phagocyte system	[93]
Metformin	Cancer cells	Nano-lipid carriers	SLN	Colon cancer	Higher biodegradability	Improved stability	Low repeatability	[94]