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. 2026 Mar 23;10(10):3420–3430. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2025019294

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Plasma proteins associate with mortality in GEN-MOD patients with SCD (HbSS). (A) Volcano plot with 5411 plasma proteins tested against mortality in patients with SCD from GEN-MOD. We found 499 proteins that are significant after accounting for multiple testing (FDR of ≤5%; horizontal dashed line). The vertical dashed line corresponds to an HR of 1. We labeled proteins of interest, including 3 members of the IL-18 cascade. (B) Mortality HR in GEN-MOD (x-axis) and the UKBB (y-axis) are correlated for 1421 proteins present in both data sets. For GEN-MOD and UKBB, the HR are per normalized SD units of protein levels. We labeled in red proteins that have significantly different HR (heterogeneity FDR of ≤5%) between GEN-MOD and UKBB. We provided protein name labels for 7 proteins with a nominal heterogeneity P < 1 × 10˗4. (C) Forest plot for 15 mortality-associated proteins with the smallest heterogeneity P values between GEN-MOD and the UKBB. GALNT2 is a risk protein in GEN-MOD but protective in the UKBB. DAPP1 is associated with increased mortality in GEN-MOD but is not significant in the UKBB. HetP, heterogeneity P value.