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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 May 23.
Published in final edited form as: Appl Phys Rev. 2025 Nov 6;12(4):041312. doi: 10.1063/5.0244025

FIG. 1.

FIG. 1.

(a) Overview of protein assemblies and methods to study them isolated in vitro or in their natural environment. (b) Other biomolecules, including lipids and nucleic acids, can interact with proteins in protein assemblies.