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. 2026 Apr 4;16:16074. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-42267-8

Table 2.

FEV-involved crash data descriptive statistics (2019 to 2024).

Variable Crashes
N (% of total)
PDO Crashes
N (% of total)
Injury Crashes
N (% of total)
Fatal Crashes
N (% of total)
Hour 0:00–6:00 52 (6.77%) 9 (5.33%) 25 (5.58%) 18 (11.92%)
6:00–12:00 210 (27.34%) 59 (34.91%) 113 (25.22%) 38 (25.17%)
12:00–18:00 249 (32.42%) 65 (38.46%) 137 (30.58%) 47 (31.13%)
18:00–24:00 257 (33.46%) 36 (21.3%) 173 (38.62%) 48 (31.79%)
Weather Sunny 756 (98.44%) 166 (98.22%) 440 (98.21%) 150 (99.34%)
Rainy 2 (0.26%) 1 (0.59%) 1 (0.22%) 0 (0.0%)
Snowy 2 (0.26%) 1 (0.59%) 1 (0.22%) 0 (0.0%)
Cloudy 8 (1.04%) 1 (0.59%) 6 (1.34%) 1 (0.66%)
Accident Type Overturn and fall 108 (14.06%) 12 (7.1%) 48 (10.71%) 48 (31.79%)
One vehicle 483 (62.89%) 136 (80.47%) 283 (63.17%) 64 (42.38%)
With fixed object 12 (1.56%) 7 (4.14%) 3 (0.67%) 2 (1.32%)
Multiple vehicles 89 (11.59%) 8 (4.74%) 63 (14.06%) 18 (11.92%)
With pedestrian 23 (2.99%) 1 (0.59%) 14 (3.12%) 8 (5.3%)
Other 53 (6.90%) 5 (2.96%) 37 (8.26%) 11 (7.28%)
Collision Type Front to back 260 (33.85%) 64 (37.87%) 175 (39.06%) 21 (13.91%)
Sliding out of road 56 (7.29%) 7 (4.14%) 27 (6.03%) 22 (14.57%)
Front to front 174 (22.66%) 50 (29.59%) 80 (17.86%) 44 (29.14%)
Front to side 177 (23.05%) 35 (20.71%) 115 (25.67%) 27 (17.88%)
Upside down 65 (8.46%) 7 (4.14%) 28 (6.25%) 30 (19.87%)
Side to side 22 (2.86%) 1 (0.59%) 14 (3.12%) 7 (4.64%)
Other 14 (1.82%) 5 (2.96%) 9 (2.01%) 0 (0.0%)
Accident Cause Not paying attention to the front 347 (45.18%) 64 (37.87%) 222 (49.55%) 61 (40.4%)
Inability to control the vehicle 68 (8.85%) 16 (9.47%) 24 (5.36%) 28 (18.54%)
Exceeding the safe speed 31 (4.04%) 3 (1.78%) 20 (4.46%) 8 (5.3%)
Left deviation 59 (7.68%) 13 (7.69%) 36 (8.04%) 10 (6.62%)
Not respecting the priority 91 (11.85%) 17 (10.06%) 58 (12.95%) 16 (10.6%)
Not respecting the distance 28 (3.65%) 11 (6.51%) 15 (3.35%) 2 (1.32%)
Sudden lane change 18 (2.34%) 6 (3.55%) 10 (2.23%) 2 (1.32%)
Lack of alertness 3 (0.39%) 1 (0.59%) 1 (0.22%) 1 (0.66%)
Vehicle defect 23 (2.99%) 1 (0.59%) 15 (3.35%) 7 (4.64%)
Reverse gear movement 18 (2.34%) 13 (7.69%) 4 (0.89%) 1 (0.66%)
Moving in the opposite direction 10 (1.3%) 2 (1.18%) 8 (1.79%) 0 (0.0%)
Unauthorized overtaking 5 (0.65%) 1 (0.59%) 2 (0.45%) 2 (1.32%)
Turning around in a prohibited area 5 (0.65%) 1 (0.59%) 3 (0.67%) 1 (0.66%)
Other 62 (8.07%) 20 (11.83%) 30 (6.7%) 12 (7.95%)

Second involved

vehicle

Truck 300 (77.12%) 85 (28.33%) 159 (53%) 56 (18.67%)
Bus 11 (2.83%) 3 (27.27%) 7 (63.64%) 1 (9.09%)
Motorcycle 78 (20.05%) 4 (36.36%) 57 (73.08%) 17 (21.79%)
Lighting Daylight 429 (55.86%) 116 (68.64%) 228 (50.89%) 85 (56.29%)
Dark 145 (18.88%) 26 (15.38%) 87 (19.42%) 32 (21.19%)
Dusk/dawn 194 (25.26%) 27 (15.98%) 133 (29.69%) 34 (22.52%)
Day Weekend 221 (28.78%) 50 (29.59%) 127 (28.35%) 44 (29.14%)
Not_Weekend 547 (71.22%) 119 (70.41%) 321 (71.65%) 107 (70.86%)
Holiday 163 (21.22%) 31 (18.34%) 103 (22.99%) 29 (19.21%)
Pavement Acceptable 489 (63.67%) 108 (63.91%) 293 (65.4%) 88 (58.28%)
Lowfailure 245 (31.9%) 57 (33.73%) 134 (29.91%) 54 (35.76%)
Moderatefailure 28 (3.65%) 4 (2.37%) 17 (3.79%) 7 (4.64%)
Severefailure 6 (0.78%) 0 (0.0%) 4 (0.89%) 2 (1.32%)
Total PDO Crashes 169 (22.01%)
Total Injury Crashes 448 (58.33%)
Total Fatal Crashes 151 (19.66%)
Total Crashes 768 (100%)