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. 2026 Mar 14;24:495. doi: 10.1186/s12951-026-04274-9

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© The Author(s) 2026

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — Colchicine ameliorates myocardial injury by inhibiting migrasomes. (A) Transwell assay for migration of M1 macrophages treated with colchicine. Scale bars = 100 μm (n = 3). (B) Wound healing assay for migration area of M1 macrophages following colchicine treatment. Scale bars = 100 μm (n = 3). (C) Western blot analysis of ROCK1 expression in M1 macrophages treated with colchicine (n = 3). (D) Western blot analysis of ROCK1 expression in cardiac tissues following colchicine treatment (n = 6). (E) Confocal microscopy quantification of migrasomes in M1 macrophages after 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)/wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) staining. Scale bars = 5 μm (n = 20). (F) Western blot analysis of migrasome-associated proteins (Tetraspanin 4 (TSPAN4), Integrin α5, EGF domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (EOGT), phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class K (PIGK), and guanylate-binding protein 5 (GBP5)) in M1 macrophages treated with colchicine (n = 3). (G) Western blot analysis of migrasome-associated proteins (EOGT, PIGK) and GBP5 in cardiac tissues of colchicine-treated mice (n = 6). (H) Echocardiographic comparison of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS), and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) between the control and colchicine groups (n = 6). (I) Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining showing decreased myocardial infarct size after colchicine treatment. Scale bars = 1 cm (n = 6). (J) Masson’s trichrome staining for infarct size comparison between groups. Scale bars = 0.500 mm (n = 6). K) Hematoxylin and eosin staining for the evaluation of myocardial tissue injury between groups. Scale bars = 50 μm (n = 6). Results were described as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. A one-way ANOVA test or two-way ANOVA test was applied for multivariate analysis. Unpaired t-tests were applied for the comparison of two groups